soil compaction and moisture content are two of the factors that greatly influence variations in crop yield. capacitance-based sensor is a sensitive device for estimating soil water content. in this method of soil moisture content measurement, soil acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. throughout this research work, a capacitance-based moisture sensor that can measure the soil moisture conte...

wireless sensor networks are composed of hundreds or thousands of small nodes called sensor that work together and are associated with a specific task or tasks to do. each of these nodes includes sensor, processor, communication components, a small memory and a source of energy. it is expected that wireless sensor networks will be used widely in many applications in near future. scalability and...

effect of methanol concentration and channel depth of bipolar plates on the performance of single direct methanol fuel cell was investigated experimentally. the membrane used in this experiment was nafion117. dimension of the single cell were 10cm 10 cm. methanol concentrations of 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 molar were used. channel depth of the bipolar plates were chosen to be 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm, a...

A liquid sensor employing a cavity in the form of point defect with transverse offset along normal bisector barrier at center linear waveguide two-dimensional phononic crystal, which gives rise to two decoupled waveguides, is proposed. The crystal consists cylindrical steel rods 2.0 mm radius water, arranged 4.2 lattice constant square lattice. Linear waveguides are formed by removing single ro...

A three-channel cross-reactive sensor array based on vapoluminescent platinum(II) double salt materials has been characterized. Two arrays were studied, one consisting of [Pt(CN-cyclododecyl)4][Pt(CN)4] (1), [(phen)Pt(CN-cyclohexyl)2][Pt(CN)4] (2), and [Pt(CN-n-tetradecyl)4][Pt-(CN)4] (3) materials, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and a second array that has compound 3 replaced by the mixed d...

UNLABELLED Many methylotrophic taxa harbor two distinct methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) systems for oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde: the well-studied calcium-dependent MxaFI type and the more recently discovered lanthanide-containing XoxF type. MxaFI has traditionally been accepted as the major functional MDH in bacteria that contain both enzymes. However, in this study, we present evidence tha...

Microcantilever is a device of MEMS (microelectro-mechanical system) which can be used as bio-chemical sensor, such to determine the characteristics chemical liquids. In this work, an investigation evaporation rate liquids, i.e., ethanol, methanol, and propanol, was carried out using resonant frequency change vibrated microcantilever. We two types microcantilever, namely uncoated-microcantileve...

coverage improvement is one of the main problems in wireless sensor networks. given a finite number of sensors, improvement of the sensor deployment will provide sufficient sensor coverage and save cost of sensors for locating in grid points. for achieving good coverage, the sensors should be placed in adequate places. this paper uses the genetic and learning automata as intelligent methods for...