today’s competition is promoted from firm against firm to supply chain versus supply chain, globalization and competition is a common phenomenon so each organization should make its supply chain as a weapon against the others, in doing so this paper presented a conceptual, graphical, step by step methodology to construct supply chain strategies by integrating strategic management’s theories, ap...

In this paper I shall explore the parallels and contrasts between scientific and theological realism. I shall start by providing an outline of the various aspects of scientific realism before looking at these in more detail and in comparison to theological realism. I hope that by this comparison with the well-developed debates between various species of scientific antirealists and realists, tha...

Empowerment: a theological perspective It is generally accepted that sound practice must he informed by sound theory. This maxim applies also with reference to the concept empowerment which is in vogue within South Africa today. Therefore it is argued here that for empowerment to be effective it must he underpinned by a sound theological understanding o f powerlessness. After exploring the use ...

measuring individual talent is a prerequisite of talent management. in order to do so, there are methods which have been established such as intelligence tests, general and individual tests, ratings scale and the literature of educational performance. applying these methods are effective, if measurement error is low and validity is high. all current available methods are faced with issues relat...

This article investigates followers’ influence on the leadership process in congregations. A working hypothesis is that church, people without formal roles have considerable power. The main question this asks: What are characteristics of follower local congregations? a theoretical discussion problem guided by three questions: How followers influencing leadership? church? characterizes perspecti...