The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 318K have been measured in the binary systems of Methyl methacrylate + Toluene and Methyl methacrylate + Dimethylacetamide. In this work an attempt has been made for the first time to investigate the behavior of binary solutions of Methylmethacrylate(MMA) in Toluene and Dimethylacetamide(DMAC) with regard to acoustical parameters such as adiabat...

We investigate poly~methylmethacrylate! ~PMMA! development processing with cold developers ~4–10 °C! for its effect on resolution, resist residue, and pattern quality of sub-10 nm electron beam lithography ~EBL!. We find that low-temperature development results in higher EBL resolution and improved feature quality. PMMA trenches of 4–8 nm are obtained reproducibly at 30 kV using cold developmen...

Radiation damage sets a fundamental limit for studies with ionizing radiation; cryo-methods are known to ease these limits. Here, measurements on mass loss and the decrease in the C=O bond density as measured by oxygen-edge XANES (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in thin films of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), studied in a vacuum, are reported. While cryo-methods allow more than 95% of the mass to remain...

We have investigated third order nonlinear optical properties and spectral characteristics of methylene blue dye in both polymer and liquid mixtures. The spectral characteristics of the dye is studied by recording the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dye doped in poly(methylmethacrylate) modified with additive n-butyl acetate(nBA) and the dye in MMA and nBA (liquid mixture). The spect...

The development of an optical setup that permits us to carry out high-resolution mappings of the absolute optical thickness of plane-parallel transparent windows is described. This measurement is based on the recording and processing of the spectral transmission of the wafer between 1,520 and 1,570 nm and has a relative precision better than 10(-6). Hence it is used for the characterization of ...

ABBREVIATIONS: μmMicrometer, nmNanometer, PMMA Poly (methylmethacrylate), PACA Poly (alkylcyanoacrylate), PMM Poly (methylidenemalonate), SME Sub-micron emulsion, PAMAM Polyamido amines, 5-ASA 5-Aminosalicylic acid, McMolar mass of the core, MmMolar mass of the branched monomer, MtMolar mass of the terminal groups, ncCore multiplicity, nmBranch-juncture multiplicity, GGeneration number, CMCCrit...

Review of the radiographs of 882 consecutive metal-to-polyethylene hip replacements after a mean follow-up of 6.8 years showed 72 cases (8%) of aseptic femoral loosening, all of which showed a lucent zone or black line between metal and cement. In 97% of the series this appeared within two years of the arthroplasty. Progress of loosening was unpredictable and only 24% had significant symptoms. ...

We present a massive 25 cm × 20 cm chest wall defect resulting from resection of recurrent cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast along with six ribs exposing pleura. The chest wall was reconstructed with a Prolene mesh-methylmethacrylate cement sandwich while soft tissue reconstruction was carried out using a combined free anterolateral-anteromedial thigh musculocutaneous flap with two separate ...

The number of female orthopaedic residents and orthopaedic surgeons has increased substantially. Concerns have been raised regarding the effect of the work environment on the health of the female orthopaedic surgeon and her fetus or neonate. Occupational risks, and specifically risks to the pregnant orthopaedic surgeon, are becoming an important issue in medicine. Such risks include exposure to...

We have developed a method of cross-sectioning silicon wafers with high placement precision. It is implemented by using optical lithography and deep plasma high aspect ratio etching of a thin line, which is used as the breaking axis. This technique is then applied to cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy ~SEM! studies of sub-50 nm electron beam lithography in ~poly!methylmethacrylate res...