The nonuniformity of the photoluminescence properties in a single grain scale (Gd,Y)3Al2Ga3O12:Ce (GYAGG:Ce) ceramics was studied by scanning confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Oxide powders Gd1.5−xCexY1.5Al2Ga3O12 (x = 0.005, 0.015, 0.060) were fabricated co-precipitation thermally treated. Transparent samples obtained an oxygen atmosphere pressureless sintering. Wit...

The prediction of cutting forces is critical for the control and optimization machining processes. This paper concerned with developing model in micro-grinding. approach based on probabilistic distribution undeformed chip thickness. a function process kinematics, properties workpiece, micro-topography grinding tool. A Rayleigh probability density used to determine maximum thickness as an indepe...

BACKGROUND Micro-needles were proposed as one of the alternatives to deliver drugs painlessly passing through stratum corneum in recent years. In this work, a mathematical model is presented to characterize the in fusion flow of a hollow micro-needle array driven by a micro-pump. METHODS By assuming the injection of each micro-needle undergoes a spherical expansion and diffusion, the model is...