The amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films have been prepared by hydrogen dilution from pure silane to silane concentrations G1.25%. At silane concentrations of less than 10%, a transition from the amorphous phase to the microcrystalline phase can be observed. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy indicates a preferential growth of the crystallites in w x the 220 direction. Additionally, the tra...

A cDNA expression library of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum was made in Escherichia coli. Cellulolytic clones were identified by screening on a medium containing carboxymethylcellulose. Restriction mapping and Southern hybridization analysis of selected clones revealed three distinct cellulase cDNAs, designated celA, celB and celC. Studies on the substrate specificity showed that t...

Hydrogen incorporation in silicon layers prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition using silane dilution by hydrogen has been studied by infrared spectroscopy ~IR! and elastic recoil detection analysis ~ERDA!. The large range of silane dilution investigated can be divided into an amorphous and a microcrystalline zone. These two zones are separated by a narrow transition zone at a di...

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) as deposited by PECVD at low temperatures (around 200°C) can be used to fabricate stable pin-type solar cells with conversion efficiencies over 8 %. The variety of growth forms and microstructural patterns observed for different deposition conditions is described; the requirements to be met by layers for use in μc-Si:H solar cells are listed. A pa...

Three white-rot fungi, Polyporus versicolor, Ganoderma applanatum, and Peniopbora “G,” produce an adaptive cellulase complex that can degrade both soluble cellulose (Cx) and microcrystalline cellulose (C1), a highly ordered form of cellulose. Production of Cx and C1 by the white-rot fungi was repressed by simple sugars. Cellualase preparations from three brown-rot fungi, Poria monticola, Lentin...

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) cellulose which was earlier isolated from oil palm EFB fibre. In order to isolate the cellulose, the chlorination method was carried out. Then, the MCC was prepared by simultaneous ultrasonic and alkali treatment from the isolated α-cellulose. Based on mass balance calculation, the yields for MCC...

Microcrystalline cellulose I (MCCI) is an excipient used as a diluent, disintegrant, glidant and binder for the production of pharmaceutical tablets. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose II (MCCII) was obtained from cotton fibers by basic treatment with 7.5 N NaOH followed by an acid hydrolysis. MCCI and MCCII materials were processed by wet granulation, dry granulation and spray drying. Ei...

In this paper, the influence of the deposition conditions on the performance of p-i-n microcrystalline silicon solar cells completely deposited by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapour Deposition is studied. With this aim, the role of the doping concentration, the substrate temperature of the p-type layer and of amorphous silicon buffer layers between the p/i and i/n microcrystalline layers is investigated....