The electron field emission properties of the nanodiamond films were examined using scanning tunneling microscopic sSTMd technique. Current image tunneling spectroscopic measurements reveal the direct dependence of electron tunneling/field emission behavior of the films on the proportion of grain boundaries present. Local tunneling current-voltage sIt–Vd measurements show that incorporation of ...

We present a method to derive macroscopic fluid-dynamic models from microscopic car-following models via a coarse-graining procedure. The method is first demonstrated for the optimal velocity model. The derived macroscopic model consists of a conservation equation and a momentum equation, and the latter contains a relaxation term, an anticipation term, and a diffusion term. Properties of the re...

For the simulation of traffic flows various macroscopic and microscopic models exist. Developing these models it is important to check the models against reality, whereas there are well-established means how to do this for macroscopic fluid-dynamical models. For microscopic models this work has yet to be done. This article is intended as a first step towards a common benchmarking of those model...

Strangeness production in microscopic transport models for relativistic heavy-ion collisions from SIS to RHIC is reviewed: after a brief introduction into elementary strangeness production processes, the main emphasis is put on strangeness as indicator of the nuclear equation of state, the excitation function of the K/π ratio and strangeness as a deconfinement indicator.

We give a critical overview of various attempts to describe gravity as an emergent phenomenon, starting from examples of condensed matter physics, to arrive to more sophisticated pregeometric models. The common line of thought is to view the graviton as a composite particle/collective mode. However, we will describe many different ways in which this idea is realized in practice.

The method of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) is used to simulate microscopic models of macromolecular fluids in flow situations. Procedures to extract rheological properties, such as the (non-newtonian) viscosity, normal pressure differences as well as information on flow induced structural changes, are discussed. This contribution focusses on polymer melts and polymer solutions, liqu...

The paper presents a systematic derivation of macroscopic equations for freeway traffic flow from an Enskog-like kinetic approach. The resulting fluid-dynamic traffic equations for the spatial density, average velocity, and velocity variance of vehicles are compared to equations, which can be obtained from a microscopic force model of individual vehicle motion. Simulation results of the models ...

An introduction to dynamical microscopic models of hadronic and nuclear interactions is presented. Special emphasis is put in the relation between multiparticle production and total cross-section contributions. In heavy ion collisions, some observables, considered as signals of the production of a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), are studied. It is shown that they can only be described if final state ...

The transport coefficient of shear viscosity is studied for a hadron matter through microscopic transport model, the Ultra–relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD), using the Green–Kubo formulas. Molecular– dynamical simulations are performed for a system of light mesons in a box with periodic boundary conditions. Starting from an initial state composed of π, η , ω , ρ , φ with a uniform...