An experimental investigation with Nd:YAG laser system was carried out to study the effects of laser hardening process parameters on the microstructure and hardness during laser hardening of EN25 steel. The laser beam is allowed to scan on the surface of the work piece by varying the laser beam power (750–1250 W) and travel speed (500–1000 mm/min) of the work table. The microstructural features...

This study focuses on the optimizing the microstructure to improve the efficiency for healing interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). Healing is accomplished by incorporating a microcapsulated healing agent and catalytic chemical trigger within a coating layer on the surface of the fiber strands. Self-healing is demonstrated on flat tensile specimens of unidirectional FRPs. T...

The functional significance of the change in enamel thickness and microstructure shown by the molar of the European mammoth lineage is discussed. It is suggested that the extreme reduction of the enamel thickness in Mammuthus primigenius may represent an adaptation to increase occlusal pressure during mastication. Consistently, the enamel microstructure underwent a differentiation that led to a...

The dentine-enamel junction (DEJ) is an important internal interface with strong and durable bonding between the hard outer layer (enamel) and the soft inner tooth core (dentine). This study investigated the microstructure of the DEJ by X-ray imaging method and synchrotron X-ray scattering techniques. Further high resolution elastic modulus mapping indicates that the DEJ is a band with a graded...

(137)Cs activity concentrations were studied in the sediment profiles collected at five locations in the Middle and South Adriatic. In the sediment profiles collected from the South Adriatic Pit, the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea, two (137)Cs peaks were identified. The peak in the deeper layer was attributed to the period of intensive atmospheric nuclear weapon tests (early 1960s), and the o...

global warming is claimed to be the cause of climate change, which is often held responsible for water shortage.  let geopedology represents the complex process of soil formation, out of which much can be learnt about paleoecology; soil formation being a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. in a multidisciplinary sustainability-oriented study ...

The coefficient of restitution is a measure of energy dissipation in a system across impact events. Often, the dissipative qualities of a pair of impacting components are neglected during the design phase. This research looks at the effect of applying a thin layer of metallic coating, using thermal spray technologies, to significantly alter the dissipative properties of a system. The dissipativ...

Friction stir processing (FSP) was used as a cladding method for the fabrication of a AA2024 clad layer on a AA1050 sheet. Crossover multi pass FSP with 50% overlap was considered as the cladding method. Effects of the number of FSP passes and post heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of clad layers were evaluated. Microstructural evolutions during the FSP and heat treatment were...

abstract erosion and sedimentation are the most complicated problems in hydrodynamic which are very important in water-related projects of arid and semi-arid basins. for this reason, the presence of suitable methods for good estimation of suspended sediment load of rivers is very valuable. solving hydrodynamic equations related to these phenomenons and access to a mathematical-conceptual model ...

Infrared optical properties of mixed-phase thin films studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry using boron nitride as an example" (1997). We present a microstructure-dependent anisotropic infrared-optical dielectric function model for mixed-phase polycrystalline material from which we derive the transverse and longitudinal-optical modes observable in thin films. Infrared ellipsometry over the wave...