Physiology There is little difference of opinion on the main physiological points. The micturition centre in the sacral cord, opposite the twelfth dorsal and first lumbar vertebral bodies, controls the normal filling of the bladder, reacts to a stretch in the muscle and empties the bladder, though perhaps not quite completely, in one sustained contraction. The afferent and efferent impulses pas...

The micturition profile in conscious animals and the urethrovesical coordination in anesthetized conditions were investigated in 6- and 24-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The in vitro pharmacological responses to KCl, electrical field stimulation (EFS), carbachol, phenylephrine, and isoprenaline were determined in the isolated bladder body, the bladder neck, and urethra. A morphometric and imm...

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a beta(3)-adrenoceptor (beta(3)-AR) agonist on bladder function and cardiovascular parameters in rats with those of several drugs that act on smooth muscle. CL316,243 (beta(3)-AR agonist), isoproterenol (nonselective beta-AR agonist), procaterol (beta(2)-AR agonist), verapamil (Ca(2+) antagonist), and papaverine (antispastic drug) each e...

BACKGROUND Cannabinoid (CB) receptors may be involved in the control of bladder function; the role of CB receptor subtypes in micturition has not been established. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cannabinor, a novel CB2 receptor agonist, on rat bladder function. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Sprague Dawley rats were used. Distribution of CB2 receptors in sensory and ch...

A modified version of the micturition model proposed by Hübener et al in 1994 [1] is presented. Relations between variables in the model are derived and explained then simulations are compared to published urodynamical data. Finally, the model is compared to other published models, and its implications and limitations are discussed.

Urinary tract infection is common medical problems in pediatric age group, UTI a bacterial it occurrence rate infancy boys and girls beyond incidences of higher girls. It can cause discomfort during micturition. Recurrent UTIs observed 30-50% children.