BACKGROUND The ventral midline is a prominent structure in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems that provides crucial topological information for guiding axons to their appropriate target destinations. Rather than being composed of specialized midline glia cells as in many other species, the embryonic midline of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is physically defined by motoneuron cell...

BACKGROUND Spinal fusion is a common orthopaedic procedure that has been previously modeled using canine, lapine, and rodent subjects. Despite the increasing availability of genetically modified mouse strains, murine models have only been infrequently described. PURPOSE To present an efficient and minimally traumatic procedure for achieving spinal fusion in a mouse model and determine the opt...

In Drosophila, the chromosomal region 75C1-2 contains at least three genes, reaper (rpr), head involution defective (hid), and grim, that have important functions in the activation of programmed cell death. To better understand how cells are killed by these genes, we have utilized a well defined set of embryonic central nervous system midline cells that normally exhibit a specific pattern of gl...

Abstract Aim Abdominal Wall Repair (AWR) is a surgical procedure with risk of bleeding during and after its performance. Patients who reject blood transfusion require strategies to avoid or increase the margin indication for transfusion. Materials methods We analyzed Jehovah's Witnesses patients underwent AWR in our hospital perioperative management aiming prevent fatal anemia allow performance...

Although many similarities in arthropod CNS development exist, differences in axonogenesis and the formation of midline cells, which regulate axon growth, have been observed. For example, axon growth patterns in the ventral nerve cord of Artemia franciscana differ from that of Drosophila melanogaster. Despite such differences, conserved molecular marker expression at the midline of several arth...

BACKGROUND During the development of the central nervous system, large numbers of cells die by programmed cell death. This process requires the activity of specific gene products and subserves functions that include regulating the sizes of interacting cell populations and removing cells that provide transient functions. Resolution of programmed cell death often involves the elimination of dying...

220 July 2016 P mediana dorsalis (PMD) has been rarely visualized but is occasionally implicated as a cause of unilateral epidural local anesthesia. Herein, we demonstrate PMD using epidurography. a normal anteroposterior epidurogram should show contrast outlining the lateral margins of the epidural space bilaterally.1 Herein, we show a unilateral epidurogram through a midline epidural catheter...