Wage Growth in the Civilian Careers of Military Retirees iii PREFACE More than 20,000 individuals retire each year from the U.S. military who are eligible to receive a guaranteed annuity amounting to half or more of their basic military pay. Separating from the military at an average age of 43, the overwhelming majority of these retirees enter second careers in the civilian sector. This book se...

During the Cold War era, the strategic threat against the US was clear. The country responded clearly with a policy toward the Soviet threat that centered on deterrence, containment, and mutually assured destruction. To enforce this policy, the US created a strategic triad composed of nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles, Trident nuclear submarines, and long-range strategic bombers. Toda...

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is a popular open-standard protocol for instant messaging (IM) widely used in military and commercial applications. In military contexts, as in commercial settings, it is often necessary to regulate who may communicate with whom and how. The distributed nature of XMPP makes centralized information exchange policy enforcement impossible, however....

Methods: Military medical surveillance data were obtained and summarized, and a working group of epidemiology and injury expertswas formed.After reviewing the available data, theworking group used predefıned criteria to score leading military unintentional injury causes on fıve main criteria that assessed factors contributing to program and policy success: (1) importance of the problem, (2) eff...

Nigeria has had an elected federal government only 17 of its 46 years since independence in 1960; experiencing a civil war, 1967-70 (Nafziger 1983); persistent military repression; and a series of irregular regime transfers through overthrows, assassinations, and coups. “The consequences of frequent military intervention in Nigerian politics have been devastating – human rights repression, mili...

The aim of this paper is investigating and studying of geopolitical dimensions of Russia in the Caspian Sea. Russian post-Soviet geopolitics invokes euroasianism as its inner rationale and meaning, as a greater good that imbues pragmatic, interest based politics with a sense of mission. Eurasianism as a particular tradition of theorizing Russia’s identity and place in the world has a momentum o...