science and technology world is using computers in different branches as much as possible. virtual reality has variety of application in different engineering fields. simulating softwares increase the accuracy and process speed of analysis. in this research the aim is to use this concept through milling process on cnc machines, so the students can learn objects effectively and eagerly. the appl...

Solid state chemical reaction is attributed to the chemical reaction performed at temperature which reactants are solid. In most solid state chemical reactions the reaction volume continually diminishes as the reactants become spatially separated by the products. As a result, the kinetics of solid state chemical reactions are limited by the rate at which reactant species are able to diffuse acr...

This paper describes an optimization of planetary mill pretreatment and saccharification processes for improving biosugar production. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) wood sawdust waste was used as biomass feedstock and the process parameters optimized in this study were the buffering media, the milling time, the enzyme quantity, and the incubation time. Glucose yields were improved when acetate buffe...

The morphological and microstructural changes during mechanical milling of Al powder mixed with 2.5, 5 and 10 wt.% Al2O3 particles were studied. The milling was performed in a planetary ball mill for various times up to 20 h. The produced composite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) to elucidate the role of particle size, secondary phase content and milling time on ...

The present study investigates the preparation of the copper phthalocyanine pigment for inkjet printing inks. The pigment particle size distribution was measured with laser diffraction at different times of wet milling. Simultaneously, the absorbance spectra in a visible-near infrared spectral region of the corresponding diluted pigment dispersions were measured. At the beginning of the milling...

Chatter is one of the most important limitations on the productivity of milling process. In order to avoid the poor surface quality and potential machine damage due to chatter, the material removal rate is usually reduced. The analysis and modeling of chatter is complicated due to the time varying dynamics of milling chatter which can be avoided without sacrificing the productivity by using ana...

This paper presents an approach to analytically determine the most energy efficient toolpath strategy in mechanical machining. This was achieved by evaluating the electrical energy requirement of the NC codes generated for the zag, zigzag, and rectangular contour toolpath strategies. The analytical method was validated by performing pocket milling on AISI 1018 steel with the considered toolpath...

The scheduling of mixed batch/continuous process plants is difficult since the model and solution have to deal with both discrete and continuous operations. Motivated by the need for the effective scheduling and control of operations in sugar milling, a new type of hybrid Petri nets called Hybrid Time Petri Nets(HTPN) is proposed, which allows the formulation of variable cycle time and variable...

The scale-up of the Knoevenagel-condensation between vanillin and barbituric acid carried out in planetary ball mills is investigated from an engineering perspective. Generally, the reaction proceeded in the solid state without intermediate melting and afforded selectively only one product. The reaction has been used as a model to analyze the influence and relationship of different parameters r...

Nanostructured Cu-20Fe alloy was synthesized by mechanical alloying process and the effects of process control agents (PCA) on the phase formation, crystallite refinement and morphology of powder particles were studied. The dissolution of Fe into Cu matrix and the morphology of powder particles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respective...