Nowadays, the mineral resources formed by geological processes have been effectively utilized with boom exploration of novel technologies. Traditional analytical methods, such as X-ray Fluorescence, diffraction, and Scanning electron microscopy, remain commonly used approaches for resource detection. However, recent accelerations in terahertz component progress promoted researchers to discover ...

Abstract A mining company is a complex probabilistic system which functions in-between the geological and market environments. These environments are carriers of various uncertainties have influence on business success. The authors discuss background differentiation mineral resource potential in terms coal field as transformation natural possibility to manmade reality. It distinguished between ...

The Overburden of waste and uneconomic mineralized rock is required to be removed to mine the useful mineral resource in a surface mining operation. In this process a dump is formed by casting the waste material and dumping it in nearby area. The dump so formed is known as mine waste dump. Waste dump may be classified as internal and external dump. External dump is created outside the pit where...

Barnett and Morse’ examined the economics of natural resource availability using data on capital, labour and output for the USA between 1870 and 1957. They tested the hypothesis that the scarcity of natural resources was increasing by examining the trend of unit cost of extractive products in the agricultural, mineral, forestry and fishing industries. Working in terms of index numbers they defi...