During fieldwork in Ladakh July–August 2018, three authors from Asian studies, anthropology, and religious studies backgrounds researched “multiple Buddhisms” Ladakh, India. Two case are presented: a Buddhist monastery festival by the Drikung Kagyü Tibetan sect, Theravada monastic complex, called Mahabodhi International Meditation Center (MIMC). Through transnational contexts of both these we a...

Shocked by what he considered to be the savagery he encountered in Tierra del Fuego, Charles Darwin ranked the Fuegians lowest among the human races. An enduring story has it, however, that Darwin was later so impressed by the successes of missionaries there, and by the grandeur they discovered in the native tongue, that he changed his mind. This story has served diverse interests, religious an...

Modern medicine in China owes its origins to Anglo-American medical missionaries who introduced Western medicine into China in the early nineteenth century. In 1835 the first medical missionary to China, the Reverend Dr Peter Parker, founded the Canton Ophthalmic Hospital where he pioneered lithotomy and other surgical operations for Chinese patients. This paper chronicles the subsequent devel...

Chinese Anglicans and missionaries wrestled with the relationship between Christian rituals culture. Missionaries entered China preconceived notions about rites of passage, but quickly realized difficulties implementation. For example, backdrop Western imperialism, clergy reported ‘unworthy adherents’ misusing their certificates admission to churches only gain extraterritorial legal privileges....

Since the beginning of 18th century, Danish Royal Mission has been working on Coromandel coast Hindustan in city Tranquebar (Dansborg fortress 250 km from Madras). This mission, created initiative King Frederick IV (1699–1730), consisted mainly Germans, graduates University Saxon Halle. The first head mission (in 1706–1719) was Bartolomäus Ziegenbalg (1682–1706). All work carried out under his ...