The distribution of acetyl coenzyme A-carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) and of palmityl-CoA-carnitine palmityltransferase (EC 2.3.1) in subcellular fractions of rat liver has been studied. The distribution of carnitine pahnityltransferase in the different fractions obtained with differential centrifugation and with centrifugation in a steep sucrose gradient correlated closely with the di...

L5178Y cells were synchronized and protein, glycoprotein, DNA and RNA synthesis in the mitochondria were measured. Mitochondrial synthesis in viva in the intact L5178Y cell, and in vitro in isolated mitochondria from synchronous L5178Y cells was measured. In viuo mitochondrial protein synthesis occurred primarily in G1 and Gz; in vitro the synthesis by the isolated mitochondria of protein occur...

Cells isolated from Lepidopteran insects (butterfly and moths) display very high radioresistance as compared to mammals and other insect species. Since free radical induced mitochondrial damage under stress conditions is very crucial for cellular fate determination, antioxidant system is the major protective modality required to minimize stress-induced damage and to modulate cellular sensitivit...

Evidences suggest that the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cerebrovascular diseases related cognitive decline in dialysis patients. As mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, we hypothesized that changes in brain mitochondria occur due to vascular calcification induced by renal failure and the opening of the mitochondrial potassium cha...

Mitochondria were prepared by a method including a Percoll purification step after the rapid homogenization of livers of fed rats which had been perfused either under unstimulated conditions or in the presence of vasopressin and/or glucagon. The two hormones separately or together increased the total calcium content of the mitochondria. This enhancement was accompanied by parallel increases in ...

Rapidly proliferating tumors attempt to meet the demands for nucleotide biosynthesis by upregulating folate pathways that provide the building blocks for pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis. In particular, the key role of mitochondrial folate enzymes in providing formate for de novo purine synthesis and for providing the one-carbon moiety for thymidylate synthesis has been recognized in recent s...

DNA topoisomerases pass DNA strands through each other, a function essential for all DNA metabolic processes that create supercoils or entanglements of DNA. Topoisomerases play an ambivalent role in nuclear genome maintenance: Deficiency compromises gene transcription, replication and chromosome segregation, while the inherent DNA-cleavage activity of the enzymes endangers DNA integrity. Indeed...

The present study is aimed to evaluating the protective effect of corosolic acid (CRA) on mitochondrial enzymes and DNA damage in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxic rats. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), NADPH dehydrogenase and cytoch...