In ALMA Memo 321, Plambeck points out that saturation (gain compression) is likely to be a significant factor limiting the calibration accuracy of ALMA observations. In this memo, saturation by broadband noise and CW signals is analyzed for representative SIS receivers operating at different frequencies. Many SIS mixers in current use are expected to exhibit a significant degree of gain compres...

With the increasing need for molecular reactions with small liquid volume in biomedical and chemical analyses, miniature mixers have captured considerable attention. Due to the nature of laminar flow in a millimeter-size and blow flow channel, mixing, or the molecular mass transfer in miniature mixers is usually dominated by molecular diffusion. The long diffusion time and mixing distance make ...

This memo describes the design of a set of waveguide quadrature hybrids suitable for use in balanced and sideband-separating mixers, balanced amplifiers, and power combiners and dividers. The hybrids are of the branchline type, which can be machined in a split block configuration on a CNC milling machine. The prototype designs are for the WR-10 band (75–110 GHz), but the dimensions are chosen t...

The types of circuits in which analog design techniques are employed typically differ from those in which digital design methods are used, with analog circuits being commonly applied to high speed, low precision functional blocks such as mixers and RF modulators, while digital circuits are chosen for high precision, high complexity blocks that operate at frequencies well below the fT of the tra...

Most static mixers are designed to maximize radial mixing to achieve compositional and thermal homogeneity. Flow inverters maximize heat transfer. Axial mixers that closely approximate an exponential distribution of residence times have been devised as well. More recent papers describe static mixers for surge dampening in industrial swing-cycle processes (Smith, Graham, and Palamara, 2006). An ...

A novel phase conjugator for active retrodirective array applications is presented. The circuit provides conversion gain as well as phase conjugating operation by using active devices, and results in a simple and compact design by using a common port for RF and IF signals. Measurement results indicate 3.2 dB conversion gain with RF-IF isolation of 20 dB. This phase conjugator can be used as a c...