A compact planar multiband antenna for 3G/4G mobile terminals is presented. The proposed design consists of a Sierpinski Gasket fractal geometry perturbed according to a Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) strategy in order to operate in advanced wireless services (AWS-1, 1710–1755MHz, 2110–2155MHz) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX, 3300–3600MHz) bands. Numerical and exp...

Mobile communication systems revolutionized the way people communicate. Evolution of wireless access technologies is about to reach its fourth generation (4G) and the 5G mobile networks will focus on the development of the user terminals where the terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and will combine different flows from different technologies. Looking ...

mobile commerce is whatever electronic transfer or transaction via a mobile modem through a mobile net in which the true value or advance payment is done for goods, services or information. a mobile payment system should be beneficial for all related persons. for a payment system to be a successful system, end-user, seller, exporter and operators should see a additional value in it. end-user pr...

High frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and other modern devices has the potential to damage eye tissues, but its effect on the lens epithelium is unknown at present. The objective of this study was to investigate the non-thermal effects of high frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation (1.1GHz, 2.22 mW) on the eye lens epithelium in situ. Bovine lenses were in...

Security is always the core focus for the researchers. Mobile WiMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave Access) comes in 2005 and currently adopted by many organizations for broadband access. In this paper different security aspects for Mobile WiMAX or IEEE 802.16e-2005 has been analyzed. Numerous and diverse attacks related to authorization key distribution are a direct consequence of t...

Measurements of delay spread were performed at microwave frequencies of 3.35, 8.45 and 15.75GHz along quasi line-of-sight streets in metropolitan Tokyo. It is found that the delay spreads increase with the measurement distance and reach around 600 ns up to 1 km. It is also confirmed that a cumulative probability of the delay spreads follows a log-normal distribution. The gradients of delay spre...

This article represents an approach of providing seamless services to the mobile consumer in an area having convergence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs). In particular, the proposed framework is capable of managing session mobility between General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) at the core network level. Within this interwork...

The emerging technology, which allows high speed broadband wireless access, is the WiMAX technology which is based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards. Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access) is a wireless system based on the IEEE 802.16e [1] standard. In this paper occurrence of the handover in Wimax & LTE systems is shown and what are the requirements that have to be con...

The forthcoming mobile communication systems are expected to provide a wide variety of services, from high-quality voice to high-definition videos, through high-data-rate wireless channels anywhere in the world. The high data rate requires broad frequency bands, and sufficient broadband can be achieved in higher frequency bands such as microwave, Ka-band, and millimeter-wave. Broadband wireless...

In this study the effects of microwaves on the secondary structure of three typical proteins have been investigated. A set of samples of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin and myoglobin in D2O solutions were exposed for 8 hours to mobile phone microwaves at 900 MHz at a magnetic field intensity around 16 mA/m. The relative effects on the secondary structure of the proteins were studied by means of ...