In the January 2000 issue of Medical History, Bill Bynum paid tribute to Vivian Nutton on his retirement after twenty years as co-editor of the journal. Bill then wrote that he and I intended to take Medical History "some ways at least" into the new millennium. Three years on, Bill also has decided to take his leave as editor, although he too joins our House of Lords, the Editorial Board, where...

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the central nervous system. The most frequent causes of the disease are viruses and bacteria. In the past, the disease was commonly referred to as "brain fever" or "brain inflammation," and extreme temperatures, sun, rain, mental distress, and other factors were believed to be its potent triggers. By the beginning of the tw...

In studying modern art and poetry for the past several years, I have become interested in how these two categories are defined and conceptualized. Too often the visual and literary arts are envisioned as decidedly separate spheres; but, particularly in the art of the twentieth century, these lines begin to blur. As critic Roger Shattuck describes, "To a greater extent than at any time since the...

62 foreign contact wiped clean from the deck (although, as the case of Kaempfer shows, certain important issues clearly have yet to be swept away), Japan specialists have started to navigate entirely new waters. For this reason, some of the most interesting work in early modern Japanese studies relates to the subfield of foreign affairs and frontiers. At the same time, however, so much still co...

The Case for Irish Modernism:Denis Devlin at the League of Nations and 1930s International Broadcasting Karl O'Hanlon (bio) In September 1935, Assembly was convened to discuss Abyssinia crisis, with Italy's belligerence making war seem increasingly likely. On 3, delegation departed from Dun Laoghaire en route Geneva, city where, as Susan Pedersen writes, "internationalism enacted, institutional...

Haptic Vision in Spanish Modernism:An Account of Sensibilities Transnational Contact Carles Ferrando Valero (bio) Discussing the (in)famous eye laceration scene Un Chien andalou (1929), Martin Jay describes Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí's slashing razor as "culminat[ion]" a genealogy "violent denigration visual" consisting artworks by Odilon Redon, Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Albert...

Developing a Lyric Carapace:Urban Mood, Rebellious Banality, and George Oppen's Obscured Modernism David Hobbs (bio) "I feel foolish sending you odd leericks—leeriques??—now then, & receiving your deferred silent opinions in answer. I get you—but funny, can't help feeling specifically what once said generally that there's something to 'em." —Louis Zukofsky Ezra Pound (1931) "On Generation of dr...

the main purpose of the paper is to show how iranian family, particularly tehranian family, has changed over times. it is an important social issue because family institution has dominated a country such as iran. hence, if this institution has been changed, it means that the society will be in the process of major social and cultural events. based on our understanding, in general, the family in...