Background: The anatomy of small saphenous vein (SSV) is very variable because of its complex embryological origin. SSV incompetence often causes reflux that goes to the perforating veins, sometimes not respecting the anatomical course. Objective: To analyze differences in reflux direction and reentry in the SSV. Methods: In this prospective, observational study, 60 lower limbs with SSV incompe...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Impedance-pH monitoring allows detailed characterization of gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal activity associated with reflux. We assessed the characteristics of nocturnal reflux and esophageal activity preceding and following reflux. METHODS Impedance-pH tracings from 11 healthy subjects and 76 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease off acid-suppressive therapy we...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Available data about reflux patterns and symptom determinants in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) subtypes off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are lacking. We aimed to evaluate reflux patterns and determinants of symptom perception in patients with GERD off PPI therapy by impedance-pH monitoring. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the impedance-pH data in patien...

Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (5 Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·3H2O abbreviated 513MHSH) whiskers using for fiber reinforcements and fillers are synthesized via a reflux reaction by MgO H2SO4 as reactants. In general, the 513MHSH have hydrophilic surface heat resistant property with crystal water molecules. this work, modification SiO2 coating technique were employed various application organic silica la...

BACKGROUND AND AIM The reason that some reflux episodes evoke symptoms is poorly understood, therefore the aim of this study is to assess the determinants of reflux perception in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. METHODS Ten NERD patients with persistent symptoms, despite double-dose PPI therapy, were included in this study. All patients h...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of subureteral injection types in patients with middle- to high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between June 1999 and September 2010, subureteral dextranomer was applied at our clinic to 149 patients (214 refluxing ureters) with grades II, III, and IV VUR. Group 1 consisted of 54 patients (80 ureters), and group 2 consisted of 95 patie...

Power reflux hydraulic transmission system (PRHTS), which is a recently introduced continuously variable system, enables the improvement of fuel economy construction vehicles. For investigating nonlinear dynamic characteristics PRHTS, its model established by merging models planetary gear train and torque converter. A dynamical reveals parameters mesh damping, time-varying stiffness, error. The...

A-6 –months old infant was assessed with urinary tract infection. In the abdominal sonography left kidney was absent. In radiology report single kidney noted. DTPA SCAN was requested for evaluation of moderate hydronephrosis of the right kidney and ectopic in the chest area was seen. Then VCUG was requested for further evaluation that showed bilateral reflux in urinary system. The mass wa...

BACKGROUND We evaluated the effects and safety of an alternative technique for rapid sequence intubation in children predicting to have high risk of pulmonary aspiration in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. METHODS One hundred sixty-five children predicting to have high risk of pulmonary aspiration were randomly allocated to spontaneous breathing maintained induction and...

background gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common, chronic disease worldwide. the weekly prevalence of reflux in developed countries is 10% to 48%. it has previously been reported as 5% in asian countries, but new reports show a higher level in both asian and arab countries. in iran, reflux has increased over the last two decades. there are few studies concerning the prevalence of reflux i...