We derive an arbitrary-gauge criterion under which condensed matter within electromagnetic field may transition to a photon phase. Previous results are recovered by selecting the Coulomb gauge wherein condensation can only occur for spatially varying and be interpreted as magnetic instability. demonstrate invariance of our description directly, but since photons gauge-relative concepts we find ...

Cephalotes minutus (Fabricius, 1804) Myrmicinae Sebastiani et al. 433 (HARA) Containing approximately 75 genera and 1.300 species, Malpighiaceae is one of the most diverse families of tropical and subtropical lianas and shrubs worldwide, which is predominantly distributed within the neotropics (Anderson, 2013). In Brazil, Malpighiaceae is represented by 44 genera and approximately 561 species d...

A bacia que compõe os afluentes dos rios Mogi-Guaçu e Pardo faz parte da hidrográfica do rio Grande, sendo esta estritamente importante para a execução de diversas atividades desenvolvidas pela população. O lançamento esgoto doméstico in natura no corpo d’água presença agropecuárias configuram como uma das potenciais causas na degradação recurso hídrico. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este estu...

Sometimes it is difficult to choose the most appropriate failure criterion for problem analyzed. For brittle materials, attention must be paid availability of experimental data and calibration representative parameters, within chosen criterion. The work herein presented, starting with an overview on machromechanical criteria, analysed in Haigh-Westergaard Stress Space, investigates suitability ...

geometrical profile (roughness) of joint surfaces influences the behaviour of rock joints under shear loading. with regard to the dilation, there are two models of direct shear test that may simulate the original loading condition existing in the location from where the specimens have been sampled. the first model in which the normal load is constant (cnl) and the discontinuity is free to dilat...

‎in this study‎, ‎properties of spectral characteristic are investigated for‎ ‎singular sturm-liouville operators in the case where an eigen‎ ‎parameter not only appears in the differential equation but is‎ ‎also linearly contained in the jump conditions‎. ‎also weyl function‎ ‎for considering operator has been defined and the theorems which‎ ‎related to uniqueness of solution of inverse proble...

The stratification of entropy and the stratification of angular momentum are closely analogous. The analogy has been developed for a number of different problems in the fluid literature, but its consequences for the behavior of turbulent accretion disks are less appreciated. Of particular interest is the behavior of disks in which angular momentum transport is controlled by convection, and heat...