OBJECTIVE To examine the use of handheld methodology to assess mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) on cows kept loose-housed. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized partial cross-over experimental study. A one-factor (test day) design was used to evaluate MNT over time. ANIMALS One hundred and fifteen healthy, loose-housed Danish Holstein cattle. METHODS We evaluated intra-individual vari...

I discuss a novel technique for periodically extending by reflection an ordered series of phase-difference {xk.} to yield estimation of new frequency and time variances having improved longterm confidence and the same mean as the Allan variance. In addition, I describe a correction to a negative bias in the sample variance based on the actual number of observations in the measurements at long t...

Between-day variance is an ambiguous term representing either total variance or pure between-day variance. In either case, it is often incorrectly calculated even though analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other excellent methods of estimation are available. We used statistical theory to predict the magnitude of error expected from using several intuitive approaches to estimation of variance compo...

The molecular weight of monodisperse human plasma low densitylipoprotein has been measured in 69 individuals and found to vary over the range of 2.4 to 3.9 X 10-6. By contrast, the molecular weight of low density lipoprotein measured on two separate occasions for specific individuals shows a mean difference of 0.07 X 10-6 and a standard deviation of 0.08 X 10-6; hence low density lipoprotein di...

In this paper, we show how to exactly sample from the distribution of the maximum of a random walk with negative drift. We also explore related variance reduction methods.

We propose a method for extending a given asset pricing formula to account for two additional sources of risk: the risk associated with future changes in market–calibrated parameters and the remaining risk associated with idiosyncratic variations in the individual assets described by the formula. The paper makes simple and natural assumptions for how these risks behave. These extra risks should...