Population genetic structure of Vimba vimba persa was investigated using microsatellite markers from 40 regions along the Iranian coastline of the Southern Caspian Sea (Anzali lagoon and Havigh River in Gilan province, BabolRoud River in Mazandaran province and GorganRoud River in Golestan province). Genomic DNA from 121 specimens was extracted from fin tissue by the Phenol-Chlorophorm method ...

 Population genetic structure of Vimba vimba persa was investigated using microsatellite markers from 40 regions along the Iranian coastline of the Southern Caspian Sea (Anzali lagoon and Havigh River in Gilan province, BabolRoud River in Mazandaran province and GorganRoud River in Golestan province). Genomic DNA from 121 specimens was extracted from fin tissue by the Phenol-Chlorophor...

The evolutionary determinants of sexual dimorphism among primates continue to be debated. This paper uses field observations ofa Malagasy primate, Propithecus uerreauxi, to argue that one problem underlying this debate is the unrecognized heterogeneity of mating system categories used in comparative analyses investigating the importance of sexual selection in determining sexual dimorphism. It i...

Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and conflict. In many damselfly groups, such as the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), sex-limited female colour occur multiple species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three morphs, one of which phenotypically matches male (androchrome mimic) o...

A k-form ω is called multi-symplectic, if Iω is a monomorphism. The classification (under the action ofGl(V )) of multi-symplectic 3-forms in dimension 7 has been done by Bures and Vanzura [B-V2002]. There are together 8 types of these forms, among them there two generic classes of G2-form ω 3 1 and G̃2-form ω 3 2 . They are generic in the sense of Gl(V )-action, more precisely the orbits Gl(V )...

Let C be a category with strong monomorphic strong coimages, that is, every morphism ƒ of C factors as ƒ = u ° g so that g is a strong epimorphism and u is a strong monomorphism and this factorization is universal. We define the notion of strong Mittag-Leffler property in pro-C. We show that if ƒ : X → Y is a level morphism in pro-C such that ( ) p Y ! " is a strong epimorphism for all β > α, t...

The theory of protomodular categories provides a simple and general context in which the basic theorems needed in homological algebra of groups, rings, Lie algebras and other non-abelian structures can be proved [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [9] [20]. An interesting aspect of the theory comes from the fact that there is a natural intrinsic notion of normal monomorphism [4]. Since any internal reflexi...

Ladders were introduced by Igusa and Todorov for the investigation of representation-finite artinian algebras and algebras over an algebraically closed field [7]. They prove a radical layers theorem [7] which exhibits the graded structure of Auslander-Reiten sequences. In a second article [8] they obtain a characterization of the Auslander-Reiten quivers of representation-finite artinian algebr...

The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of polymorphism at Kappa-casein (κ-CN) locus in the Nili-Ravi buffalo. A PCR-RFLP method was used to distinguish buffalo κ-CN alleles. The genotypes were confirmed through specific, clearly distinguishable DNA band pattern resulting from digestion with three selected restriction enzymes (HinfI, HaeIII and MaeII). Analysis of 163 anima...

Graph pattern matching is a central application in many fields. However, in many cases, the structure of the pattern can only be approximated and exact matching is then far too accurate. This work aims at proposing a CSP approach for approximate subgraph matching where the potential approximation is declaratively included in the pattern graph as optional nodes and forbidden edges. The model, co...