In ordinary rst order logic, a valid inference in a language L is one in which the conclusion is true in every model of the language in which the premises are true. To accommodate inductive/uncertain/probabilistic/nonmonotonic inference, we weaken that demand to the demand that the conclusion be true in a large proportion of the models in which the relevant premises are true. More generally, we...

Morphometric methods have been used in diatom research for decades. We present a review of the history of usage of morphometric methods of outline shape analysis, pattern recognition, and landmarkbased analysis. In addition, we present how morphometric methods are important in diatom taxonomy and classifi cation and what connections exist between morphometric methods and biologically meaningful...

data collected in 2012 on 400 chickens were subjected to two-way analyses of variance to estimatebody weight, morphometric traits as well as the correlationbetween body weight and morphometric traitsin isa brown and ilorin ecotypechickens. the studied morphometric traits were comb length, beak length,head length, neck length, body length, wing length, shank length, thigh length, toe length, bre...

AIMS To evaluate correlations among clinical, pathological, morphometric, stereological, and DNA flow cytometric variables and their prognostic value in advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS Tissue was collected from 180 patients with advanced ovarian cancer. All 180 had undergone debulking surgery and were being treated with cisplatin. Long term follow up was available for all patients. The mitot...

Management and recovery of endangered sawfishes are challenged by the un certainty of species determination. Frequently, dried rostra (saws) are the only material available to represent an historical occurrence, yet traditional methods of species identification of datadeficient rostra (rostral tooth counts) are unreliable. We evaluated the utility of morphometric characters for the identificati...

Cytogenetic and morphometric analyses were carried out in Hoplias aff. malabaricus specimens from six distinct populations from the lower Paranapanema River basin, located between the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements were also taken from a specimen collected in Surinam. In a population from a fish farm station at Universidade do Norte do Parana (EPUNOPAR), two sympatric cyto...

We show how and why it makes sense to use a relational formalisation instead of the usual functional one in the treatment of term graphs. Special attention is paid to term graphs with bound variables, that have, to our knowledge, never been formalised with such a generality before. Besides the novel treatment of term graphs themselves, we present an innovative relational homomorphism concept th...

Analysis of the shape properties of fish otolith is one way to identify stocks of different species in the marine environment. Length, width, area, perimeter, form factor, aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, ellipticity and rectangularity analyses of otoliths were undertaken to assess patterns of spatial and temporal stock structure of a wide-ranging fish, the Arabian yellow fin sea bream Aca...