In many European countries, a majority of employees are hired under very protective labor contracts that restrict the ability of the employer to dismiss them. In particular, employees can take to courts the firm’s layoff motive. Given the high costs specific to so-called economic motives and judges’ limited ability to process an ever growing flow of cases, in the last few years firms have been ...

published their groundbreaking monograph " The achievement motive " in 1953, scientific research on human motives such as the needs for achievement, affiliation, or power was off to a great start as a respectable, promising and flourishing branch of psychology. It generated thousands of published research reports over the next three decades and spilled over into other disciplines such as politi...