In some circumstances, a person may be deprived of natural abilities, such as walking and speaking, perhaps due to limb amputation, spinal cord injuries (SCI), or degenerative diseases. Assistive technology devices allows motor-impaired people to overcome their limitations promoting greater independence. Particularly suitable in the case of people with severe motor impairment, electrical biosig...

Neural interactions between contralateral motor regions are thought to be instrumental in the successful preparation, and execution, of volitional movements. Here we investigated whether healthy ageing is associated with a change in functional connectivity, as indicated by the ability to modulate interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation in a manner that assists rapid movement r...

Over the past 3 decades, various algorithms used to decompose the electromyographic (EMG) signal into its constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) have been reported. All are limited to decomposing EMG signals from isometric contraction. In this report, we describe a successful approach to decomposing the surface EMG (sEMG) signal collected from cyclic (repeated concentric and eccentric...

This paper presents the use of buck converter with Zero Average Dynamics to control speed a permanent magnet direct current motor. For this objective, we consider fourth-order nonlinear model that describes system’s dynamics and tests different scenarios determine how motor responds. The results show robust tracking performance under reference signal controller parameter changes disturbances in...

Extracellular signals and cell-intrinsic transcription factors cooperatively instruct generation of diverse neurons. However, little is known about how neural progenitors integrate both cues and orchestrate chromatin changes for neuronal specification. Here, we report that extrinsic signal retinoic acid (RA) and intrinsic transcription factor Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) collaboratively trigger transcrip...

Current views of cerebellar function have been heavily influenced by the models of Marr and Albus, who suggested that the climbing fibre input to the cerebellum acts as a teaching signal for motor learning. It is commonly assumed that this teaching signal must be motor error (the difference between actual and correct motor command), but this approach requires complex neural structures to estima...

Neural responses to unfamiliar non-native phonemes varying in the extent to which they can be articulated were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Both superior temporal (auditory) and precentral (motor) areas were activated by passive speech perception, and both distinguished non-native from native phonemes, with greater signal change in response to non-native phonemes. ...

Behavioral studies using motor preparation paradigms have revealed that increased expectancy of a response signal shortens reaction times (RTs). Neurophysiological data suggest that in such paradigms, not only RT but also neuronal activity in the motor structures involved is modulated by expectancy of behaviorally relevant events. Here, we directly tested whether expectancy of a response signal...

This paper presents on-line tool breakage detection of small diameter drills by monitoring the AC servo motor current. The continuous wavelet transform was used to decompose the spindle AC servo motor current signal and the discrete wavelet transform was used to decompose the feed AC servo motor current signal in time–frequency domain. The tool breakage features were extracted from the decompos...