The generation of synthetic forms of cellular life requires solutions to the problem of how biological processes such as cyclic growth and division could emerge from purely physical and chemical systems. Small unilamellar fatty acid vesicles grow when fed with fatty acid micelles and can be forced to divide by extrusion, but this artificial division process results in significant loss of protoc...

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (NaLAS) surfactant is often combined with polycarboxylate polymers in detergent formulations. However, the behavior of these aqueous surfactant-polymer systems absence an added electrolyte unreported. This work investigates such using polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), centrifugation, and 2H NMR techniques. A phase diagram at 50 °C rep...

Biocompatible quercetin nanovesicles were developed by coating polyethylene glycol-containing vesicles with chitosan and nutriose, aimed at targeting the colon. Uncoated and coated vesicles were prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine and quercetin, a potent natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug. Physicochemical characterization was carried out by light scattering, cryogeni...

Complement-dependent antibody-mediated damage to multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLVs) normally results in a maximum release of 50-60% of trapped aqueous marker. The most widely accepted explanation for this is that only the outermost lamellae of MLVs are attacked by complement. To test this hypothesis, complement damage to two different types of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), large unilamell...

A technique for the rapid production of large unilamellar vesicles by repeated extrusion under moderate pressures (≤ 500 lb/in²) of multilamellar vesicles through polycarbonate filters (100 nm pore size) is demonstrated. In combination with freeze-thaw protocols where required, this procedure results in unilamellar vesicles with diameters in the range 60-100 nm and with trapped volumes in the r...

The specific ultrasonic absorption coefficient per wavelength as a function of temperature in the vicinity of the phase transition of liposomes, composed of a 4:1 mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), of different sizes was determined using an acoustic interferometer. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) yielded...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic debilitating disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Annually, it approximated occurrence 0.2 to 0.4 million novel cases worldwide. The cast film method was used prepared cationic mannosylated liposomes. surface Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing multilamellar liposomes covalently coupled ...

The uptake of Cu2+ was investigated using various types of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol) and dicethylphosphate (DCP). DCP played a role as a ligand for Cu2+. Multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) were more effective for the uptake of Cu2+ compared to unilamellar vesicles prepared by the extrusion technique. The uptake efficiency of MLVs for Cu2+ was dependent on the...

Growth and division are essential biological processes of cellular life. A crucial question concerning the origin of cellular life is how primitive cells (protocells) lacking complex biological machinery could grow and divide. To address this question, we first developed an effective method for preparing large monodisperse (uniform-sized) vesicles through a combination of extrusion and large-po...

The influences of alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary surfactant on the induction of immune responses via the airways were assessed. Mice were depleted of their AM by intratracheal instillation of multilamellar vesicles containing dichloromethylene-diphosphonate followed by intratracheal instillation of a T cell--dependent antigen, trinitrophenyl--keyhole limpet hemocyanin, in vesicles of v...