We have used a binary system of replicon-compatible plasmids to test the potential for promiscuous recombination of heavy and light chains within sets of human Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial antibody libraries. Antibody molecules showed a surprising amount of promiscuity in that a particular heavy chain could recombine with multiple light chains with retention of binding to a protein...

Nonlinear inverse problems arising in dynamic system state/parameter estimation are generally nonconvex, and possess multiple local minima that may threaten the convergence of global optimization routines. This problem is generally addressed by multiple starting point based algorithms. An alternative approach is to use the recently proposed concept of safe redundancy in order to derive an algor...

Let G be a graph without loops or multiple edges drawn in the plane. It is shown that, for any k, if G has at least Ckn edges and n vertices, then it contains three sets of k edges, such that every edge in any of the sets crosses all edges in the other two sets. Furthermore, two of the three sets can be chosen such that all k edges in the set have a common vertex.

The results of a genetic cross between a Vibrio cholerae RJ1 donor and a V. cholerae 3083-2 recipient suggest that the map position of tox-1000 is between his and trp.

We study whether an asymmetric limited-magnitude ball may tile Z n . This generalizes previously studied shapes: crosses, semi-crosses, and quasi-crosses. Such tilings act as perfect error-correcting codes in a channel which changes transmitted integer vector bounded number of entries by errors. A construction lattice based on the Hamming metric is given. Several non-existence results are prove...

Shigella flexneri restricts Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and can modify phage DNA so that it is restricted in E. coli.

Wohlhieter, J. A. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), C. C. Brinton, Jr., and L. S. Baron. Utilization of carbohydrates and metabolic intermediates by piliated and nonpiliated bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 84:416-421. 1962.-The rate of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of piliated and nonpiliated bacteria was studied in an effort to determine whether the presence of these surfa...

This article provides detailed protocols for collecting pollen and outlines genetic crosses and phenotypic assays that are useful for characterizing mutants that affect pollen development.

Genetic exchange in Trypanosoma brucei is now well characterized. It is a key tool that has enabled an understanding of important parasite genetic traits and underpinned the Trypanosoma brucei genome project. However, a key aspect that has eluded us is the point in the trypanosome life cycle where genetic exchange occurs. Research using green and red fluorescent trypanosomes for visualizing gen...

The formation of recombinants during conjugation between Hfr and F- strains of Escherichia coli was investigated using unselected markers to monitor integration of Hfr DNA into the circular recipient chromosome. In crosses selecting a marker located approximately 500 kb from the Hfr origin, 60-70% of the recombinants appeared to inherit the Hfr DNA in a single segment, with the proximal exchang...