acinetobacter lwoffii, an important nosocomial pathogen, is a gram-negative aerobic bacillus that is a component of the normal flora on the skin, oropharynx, and perineum of about 20-25% of healthy individuals. we herein present a case of a 66-year-old man with combined mitral and aortic valve endocarditis associated with multi-drug resistance acinetobacter lowffii bacteremia.

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which is accompanied by demyelinating the neurons. the imbalance between the t cell effectors and t cell regulators is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by pineal gland which has an important role in circadian rhythm and immune-modulatory effects. melatonin ...

neuroinflammation has a significant role in induce of multiple sclerosis (ms) many approaches have been used to treat ms, but none of these methods have not been able to fully improve. one of the methods can suppress inflammation and regenerate the nervous system is the use of cell therapy. using cell therapy in pre-clinic phase can be realized, it's mechanism and potency to suppress neuro...

background: vitamin b12 (cobalamin) deficiency can result in some clinical and paraclinical characteristics similar to what is seen in multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. this study aimed to evaluate the controversial association between vitamin b12 deficiency and ms. methods: we measured serum vitamin b12 in 60 patients with ms and 38 healthy controls. clinical disability was evaluated according...

background: the association between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (ms) and latitude gradient indicates the importance of environmental factors in ms susceptibility. sunlight’s ultraviolet radiation, its ability to influence melatonin, and an imbalance of melatonin in the central nervous system (cns) may be involved in this process. methods: this case‑control study was conducted in isfaha...

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background mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. even a small amount of it is toxic for all living organisms. some of bacteria have developed special resistance mechanisms against mercury, in addition to resistant to different antibiotics. these bacteria usually acquire hg and antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer in their habitat. objectives the aim of this study wa...

background: management of multiple sclerosis (ms) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of ms. objective: to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of th1/th2/th17 serum cytokines in patients with ms. methods: six patients with relapsing remitting ms as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most prevalent disease caused by the inflammatory demyelinating process that causes progressive nervous system degeneration over the time. optical coherence tomography (oct) is a non-invasive optical imaging technology, which can measure the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer as well as the diameter of the macula. the purpose of the study is evaluation oct fin...