Simple rings with a one-sided minimal ideal may be represented as Rees matrix rings, and conversely. The latter are defined as I ×Λ matrices over a division ring with only a finite number of nonzero entries with certain addition and multiplication. For Rees matrix rings we construct here their isomorphisms, their translational hulls and isomorphisms of the translational hulls, all this in terms...

We construct a simple fully homomorphic encryption scheme, using only elementary modular arithmetic. We use Gentry’s technique to construct fully homomorphic scheme from a “bootstrappable” somewhat homomorphic scheme. However, instead of using ideal lattices over a polynomial ring, our bootstrappable encryption scheme merely uses addition and multiplication over the integers. The main appeal of...

The free abelian group R(Q) on the set of indecomposable representations of a quiver Q, over a field K, has a ring structure where the multiplication is given by the tensor product. We show that if Q is a rooted tree (an oriented tree with a unique sink), then the ring R(Q)red is a finitely generated Z-module (here R(Q)red is the ring R(Q) modulo the ideal of all nilpotent elements). We will de...

Let $\star$ be a star operation on ring extension $R\subseteq S$. A S$ is called
 Pr\"ufer $star$-multiplication (P$\star$ME) if $(R_{[\m]}, \m _{[\m]})$ Manis pair in $S$ for
 every $\star$-maximal ideal $\m$ of $R$. We establish some results operations, and we study P$\star$ME
 pullback diagrams type $\square$. show that, for a
 maximal $R$, the $R_{[\m]} \subseteq is&#x0D...

An important predictor of historical sound change, functional load, fails to capture insights from speech perception. Building on ideal observer models of word recognition, we devise a new definition of functional load that incorporates both a priori expectedness and perceptual information. We explore this new measure with a simple model and find that it outperforms tra-

The concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules was recently introduced by Omar A. Abdullah and Haibat K. Mohammadali in 2022, where he studies this it is relationship to previous generalizationsm especially 2-Absorbing submodule submodule, addition studying most important Propositions, charactarizations Examples. Now research, which considered a continuation definition tha...

the operations in the set of fuzzy numbers are usually obtained bythe zadeh extension principle. but these definitions can have some disadvantagesfor the applications both by an algebraic point of view and by practicalaspects. in fact the zadeh multiplication is not distributive with respect tothe addition, the shape of fuzzy numbers is not preserved by multiplication,the indeterminateness of t...