In his monograph [Gon86], H. Gonshor showed that Conway’s real closed field of surreal numbers carries an exponential and logarithmic map. Subsequently, L. van den Dries and P. Ehrlich showed in [vdDE01] that it is a model of the elementary theory of the field of real numbers with the exponential function. In this paper, we give a complete description of the exponential equivalence classes (see...

In this paper, at first the elemantary and basic concepts of multiplicative discrete and continous differentian and integration introduced. Then for these kinds of differentiation invariant functions the general solution of discrete and continous multiplicative differential equations will be given. Finaly a vast class of difference equations with variable coefficients and nonlinear difference e...

‎Let G=(V,E) be a simple connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. The first, second and third Zagreb indices of G are respectivly defined by: $M_1(G)=sum_{uin V} d(u)^2, hspace {.1 cm} M_2(G)=sum_{uvin E} d(u).d(v)$ and $ M_3(G)=sum_{uvin E}| d(u)-d(v)| $ , where d(u) is the degree of vertex u in G and uv is an edge of G connecting the vertices u and v. Recently, the first and second m...

In this paper, we consider Leibniz algebras with derivations. A pair consisting of a algebra and distinguished derivation is called LeibDer pair. We define cohomology theory for coefficients in representation. study central extensions the next, generalize formal deformation to pairs which deform both bracket derivation. It governed by itself. Finally, homotopy derivations on sh 2-derivations 2-...

 Motivated by the intensive and powerful works concerning additive‎ ‎mappings of operator algebras‎, ‎we mainly study Lie-type higher‎ ‎derivations on operator algebras in the current work‎. ‎It is shown‎ ‎that every Lie (triple-)higher derivation on some classical operator‎ ‎algebras is of standard form‎. ‎The definition of Lie $n$-higher‎ ‎derivations on operator algebras and related pot...

In this paper we introduce derivations in Krasner hyperrings and derive some basic properties of derivations. We also prove that for a strongly differential hyperring $R$ and for any strongly differential hyperideal $I$ of $R,$ the factor hyperring $R/I$ is a strongly differential hyperring. Further we prove that a map $d: R rightarrow R$ is a derivation of a hyperring $R$ if and only if the in...