This paper use the dynamic growth framework to model relationship between trade liberalization policy and economic of 42 African countries from 1995 2018. Banking on heterogeneity income socioeconomic factor affecting policies in countries, opted for Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique which is sufficient inference a heterogeneous environment. The result tells that beneficial up certain threshold...

In most queueing systems the server may be subjected to lengthy and unpredictable breakdowns while serving a customer. For instance, in manufacturing systems the machine may breakdown due to malfunction or job related problems; in computer systems, the machine may be subject to scheduled backups and predicted failures. In these systems, server breakdown results in a period of server unavailabil...

In a M/M/N +M queue, when there are many customers waiting, it may be preferable to reject a new arrival rather than risk that arrival later abandoning without receiving service. On the other hand, rejecting new arrivals increases the percentage of time servers are idle, which also may not be desirable. We address these trade-offs by considering an admission control problem for a M/M/N +M queue...