Palladium catalysed coupling reactions on haloporphyrins have revolutionised the functionalisation of the porphyrin periphery. There are now many and varied examples of successful C–C and C–X couplings, expecially on the meso positions(s) of 5,15-diarylor 5,10,15-triarylporphyrins, to produce a range of functionalised mononuclear derivatives, as well as diand oligonuclear arrays with alkynyl, a...

The discovery of carbon nanotubes has initiated an exciting, intellectually challenging, and rapidly expanding research field for one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.1 Over the past several years, considerable efforts have been placed on the synthesis of nanotubes or nanowires. A particularly significant breakthrough in MX2 (M: Mo or W, X: S or Se) nanotube synthesis was made by Tenne and co-wo...

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) continue to be an attractive research field because of their unique and intriguing properties and potential applications in high-density data storage technologies and molecular spintronics. The anisotropic barrier (U) of an SMM is derived from a combination of an appreciable spin ground state (S) and uniaxial Ising-like magneto-anisotropy (D). The magnet-like beha...

Nanotechnology applications in technique, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry and life science allows to change ours conception about possibilities of chemical technology. One of significant applications of nanotechnology is electrochemistry. In electrochemistry, applications of nanotechnology can be endless: from sensors for monitoring of traces (analytical signal /current/ –at level...

We review some aspects of the confusion concerning the glass transition in water, and then show that it must be of a quite different character from that in other molecular liquids, and in fact is the kinetically controlled part of a classical order–disorder transition. (This is the conclusion reached in a review of the low temperature phenomenology of amorphous water currently being published i...

Some design parameters of a hydrazine-oxygen fuel battery operating in a zero G field are described in a digital computer programming treatment. The power balance for a battery employing a gas-producing electrode and an electrolyte pump is treated; optimum power densities and flow rates are established. INTRODUCTION WITHIN the last decade fuel cell technology has advanced from the research stag...

Ammonia, the second largest synthetic chemical commercialized worldwide, is widely used as a fertilizer and key intermediate for production of all nitrogen-atom-containing chemicals. It could also be employed fueling applications. Electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) offers renewable distributed route NH3 production. Heightened research efforts have focused on design development advanced...

Hydrogenation of azo bonds with hydrazine, mono-substituted hydrazine, and hydrazobenzene was studied with selected diazene compounds under oxygen-free conditions. The reactions proceed rapidly and in high yield in several solvents, utilizing all N-H protons. While the reduction process is accompanied by the evolution of nitrogen gas in the case of N2H4, the intermediacy of diimide could not be...

The anisotropic etching behavior of single-crystal silicon and the behavior of SiO2 and Si3N4 in an ethylenediaminebased solution as well as in aqueous KOH, NaOH, and LiOH were studied. The crystal planes bounding the etch front and their etch rates were determined as a function of temperature, crystal orientation, and etchant composition. A correlation was found between the etch rates and thei...

As the precursor for nitrogen-rich fertilizers, ammonia (NH3) is globally important. The widely used Haber-Bosch process industrial production requires harsh operating conditions and relies on fossil fuels that increase global energy consumption greenhouse gas emission. renewable-energy-derived electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) produces green NH3 under mild a promising alternat...