In 1906 Jadassohn and Lewandowsky described a rare genodermatoses named it pachyonychia congenita. Pachy means thick. It is group of involving keratin mutation with thickened nails variable associated findings. Pachyonychia congenita disease having four types. However, type 1 2 can be considered common among them. often mimic fungal infection as nail hyperkeratosis occur in both.

Nails are considered epidermal appendages, and as such, are commonly affected in patients with psoriasis, 80% of whom are likely to develop nail psoriasis as a result of their condition. Two patterns of nail disorders have been shown to be caused by psoriasis. Nail matrix involvement can result in features such as leukonychia, pitting (punctures or cupuliform depressions), red spots in the lunu...

BACKGROUND Knee or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure, often with unacceptable rates of nonunion. Basic science of fracture healing suggests that compression across a fusion site may decrease nonunion. A novel ratcheting arthrodesis nail designed to improve dynamic compression is mechanically tested in comparison to existing nails. METHODS A novel ratcheting nail was design...

In order to study the problem of surface fluctuations and slag entrapment, the nail board experiment and simulation computation method was used to optimize the method for measuring liquid level characteristics in mold. The influence of steel nails diameter and the distance between steel nails on the measurement results was studied. The height of the liquid surface and the surface velocity at di...

Purpose The incidence of proximal humeral fractures is high in the elderly, and the superior management of these fractures remains a controversy. The study aims to compare clinical outcomes of intramedullary nails, locking plates and conservative treatment for the management of displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. Patients and methods In this prospective study, a total of 198 ...

Because standard femoral supracondylar nails have certain disadvantages, they are often replaced by traditional femoral or tibial locked nails. The purpose of this study was to make a biomechanical comparison between both types of traditional locked nails to determine which technique was more suitable for treating unstable femoral supracondylar fractures. Fourteen left Sawbones femurs (Pacific ...

Between October 2001 and September 2009 we lengthened 242 lower-limb segments in 180 patients using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor (ISKD). Mechanical failure was defined either as breakage of the ISKD or failure of the internal mechanism to activate. Retrieved nails which failed mechanically were examined by the manufacturer for defects. In all, 15 ISKDs in 12 patients (13 limbs...

OBJECTIVE We describe a new technique for removing the distal fragments of broken intramedullary femoral nails without disturbing the nonunion site. METHODS This technique involves the application of an AO distractor prior to the removal of the nail fragments, with subsequent removal of the proximal nail fragment in an anterograde fashion and removal of the distal fragment through a medial pa...

BACKGROUND Cephalocondylic intramedullary nails, which are inserted proximally to distally (cephalocondylic), have been used for the surgical treatment of extracapsular hip fractures. OBJECTIVES To compare all cephalocondylic intramedullary nails with extramedullary implants for the surgical treatment of extracapsular hip fractures in adults. This is the fourth substantive update of our origi...