Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) has been established to be essential for hearing. However, the expression of IP3R in the cochlea in the period of auditory development remains unknown. We investigated the expression of IP3R in the developing rat cochlea using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We observed its presence in th...

Pair-bonded relationships form during periods of close spatial proximity and high sociosexual contact. Like other monogamous species, marmosets form new social pairs after emigration or ejection from their natal group resulting in periods of social isolation. Thus, pair formation often occurs following a period of social instability and a concomitant elevation in stress physiology. Research is ...

A clinical report of an erupted immature primary molar in a newborn is presented. The occurrence of a natal or neonatal molar can be considered a rare event since the majority of cases described are incisors. Clinical appearance, location, histological and radiographical examinations were used to establish the identity oF the lesion, The literature related to natal and neonatal teeth is reviewe...

BACKGROUND More needs to be known about the role intra-familial power dynamics play in women's reproductive health outcomes, particularly in societies like Northern India characterized by patriarchy and extended families. The key research question we explore is: how important are living arrangements (e.g., presence of the mother-in-law, presence of an elder sister-in-law, and living in the husb...

Enamel mineralization is affected by genetic disorders like Down syndrome and familial dysautonomia (FD). Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) is associated with decreased sensation and autonomic dysfunction, somehow similar to FD. In this study we examined the effect of CIPA on pre and post-natal enamel mineralization of 9 primary extracted teeth and matchpaired normal teeth...

Food shortage and other challenges associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) experienced early in life may have long-term impacts on life history traits, but these potential impacts remain virtually unexplored. By monitoring 2556 blue-footed boobies from 11 cohorts, we showed that birds facing warm water ENSO conditions (and probably low food availability) in the natal year were under...

Natal homing is a pattern of behavior in which animals migrate away from their geographic area of origin and then return to reproduce in the same location where they began life [1-3]. Although diverse long-distance migrants accomplish natal homing [1-8], little is known about how they do so. The enigma is epitomized by loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), which leave their home beaches as ...

Maternal effects are environmental components of phenotypes that complicate relationships between natural selection and evolution because they often affect phenotypes and fitness simultaneously. We studied the effects of egg size variation on juvenile survival in a population of American coots (Fulica americana). We experimentally evaluated egg size variation at three levels: across the populat...

Various terminologies have been used in the dental and medical literature to describe teeth in the mouth of the new or recently born child. Terms such as precocious dentition or dentition praecox, foetal or congenital teeth and predeciduous dentition were used in the older literature. 1.2.3 The most widely accepted terms are natal or neonatal teeth. Massler and Savara 2 defined natal teeth as t...

This study mapped the distribution and morphology of the GnRH neuronal systems of Cape and Natal mole-rats and the GnRH-immunoreactivity of the median eminence was quantified. A comparison was made between the winter and summer seasons in both species and also between dominant and subordinate animals in the Natal mole-rat species. Although the Cape mole-rat is larger than the Natal mole-rat, it...