How do we get from here to there? It is clear that men and women explain things differently, but how much variation is possible in giving step-by-step instructions for a common task? If there is variation in these directions, how can we explain its origins? Carol Lawton, who studied the ways in which men and women give directions for spatial tasks, stated, “the pattern of gender differences tha...

In 1973 Dr. Halfdan Mahler was elected Director-General of the World Health Organization. During 15 years he initiated a large number of new policies and programmes – a clear break with those that had governed WHO earlier. Dr Mahler was deeply concerned about “the existing gross inequality in the health status of the people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as with...

We introduce a new measurement station that we established in 2005 in an observation tower at Puijo in Kuopio. At Puijo we measure several meteorological parameters, aerosol and cloud droplet size distribution, aerosol optical properties and trace gas concentrations. We summarize the research activities at the station during its three-year history and present overall results. We compare the res...

Wakatobi National Park has a tropical marine ecosystem with typically dynamic aquatic resources, and it also has a potentially massive number of groupers such as red (Plectropomus leopardus) and black groupers (Plectropomus areolatus). However, the sustainability of the grouper resources has not been managed effectively and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determin...

Are Ireland’s Immigrants Integrating into its Labour Market? Ireland has experienced a remarkable change in its migratory patterns in recent years and has moved from experiencing large-scale emigration to receiving significant inflows. In this paper, we use data from a nationally representative sample of immigrants and natives drawn in 2005 to assess the occupational attainment of immigrants in...

This article concerns the first stage of a research and development project that aimed to produce both parent and professional guidelines on the promotion and provision of informed choice for families with deaf children. It begins with a theoretical discussion of the problems associated with the concept of informed choice and deaf child services and then focuses specifically on why a metastudy ...

Band origins and Einstein A coefficients are presented for transitions linking all the vibrational levels of H : up to 4v2( I = 4). The importance of these data for astrophysical modeling is discussed. For Hi, rovibrational wavefunctions and energy levels are obtained for J up to 16. These are used to synthesize sample rovibrational spectra with particular emphasis on the Y, + 2uz( I= 2) -+ 0 a...

Complex design decisions require not only the use of information from the artifactual world (objective, quantitative data), but also from the world of culture (subjective, qualitative data). This paper describes Evolutionary Structured Planning, a computer-supported extension to a method that supports synthesis of objective and subjective information in the design planning process. With origins...