This study extends the literature by examining linear and nonlinear effects of natural resource income contribution environmental demands to long-term economic growth in resource-reliant economies (RREs). Data was sourced from 45 RREs 1970 2019 processed using three novel methodological techniques: heterogeneous mean group (MG), augmented MG, common correlated MG. Empirically, affirmed asymmetr...

A mathematical policy model of oak woodlands is presented. The model illustrates the policy uncertainties that exist in the management of oak woodlands. These uncertainties include: (1) selection of a policy criterion function, (2) woodland dynamics, (3) initial and final state of the woodland stock. The paper provides a review of each of the uncertainty issues. The final section of the paper d...

The countries' economy is basically dependent on both human and the natural resources so that social development of each country depends on them directly or indirectly. Nonetheless, some problems including the rapid growth of the population, unsustainable and unplanned exploitation, and lack of public awareness of development and reclamation rules have given an increase to the degradation proce...