The nucleosome core particle (NCP) is the basic building block of chromatin. Nucleosome-nucleosome interactions are instrumental in chromatin compaction, and understanding NCP self-assembly is important for understanding chromatin structure and dynamics. Recombinant NCPs aggregated by multivalent cations form various ordered phases that can be studied by x-ray diffraction (small-angle x-ray sca...

Cytosine methylation, predominantly of the CpG sequence in vertebrates, is one of the major epigenetic modifications crucially involved in the control of gene expression. Due to the difficulty of reconstituting site-specifically methylated nucleosomal DNA at crystallization quality, most structural analyses of CpG methylation have been performed using chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, Th...

We report the first high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) study of a Mn(III) N-confused porphyrin (NCP) complex (NCP is also known as inverted porphyrin or 2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin). We have found a striking variation in the electronic properties of the S = 2 Mn(III) ion coordinated by NCP compared to other Mn(III) porphyrinoid complexes. Thus, inversion of a single p...

Many studies have shown that the transmission control protocol (TCP) which is the major transport protocol in the Internet today is finding it increasingly difficult to cope with the growth of communication network capacities and applications. TCP’s inability to properly utilize network links is one of the problems. Besides, TCP takes a long time to achieve fairness between flows. Many of the n...

The North China Plain (NCP) has been experiencing the most severe groundwater depletion in China, leading to a broad region of vertical motions of the Earth’s surface. This paper explores the seasonal and linear trend variations of surface vertical displacements caused by the groundwater changes in NCP from 2009 to 2013 using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Expe...

Gene expression in eukaryotes depends upon positioning, mobility and packaging of nucleosomes; thus, we need the detailed information of the human nucleosome core particle (NCP) structure, which could clarify chromatin properties. Here, we report the 2.5 A crystal structure of a human NCP. The overall structure is similar to those of other NCPs reported previously. However, the DNA path of huma...

The transmission control protocol (TCP) is the major transport layer protocol in the Internet today. TCP and its variants have the drawback of not knowing the explicit rate share of flows at bottleneck links. The Rate Control Protocol (RCP) is a major clean slate congestion control protocol which has been recently proposed to address these drawbacks. RCP tries to get explicit knowledge of flow ...

Reducing the network energy waste is one of the key challenges of the Future Internet. Many Internet-based applications require preserving network connectivity for getting incoming remote service requests or confirming their availability and presence to remote peers by sending periodic keep-alive or heart-beating messages. Billions of dollars of electricity is wasted every year to keep idle or ...

The goal of this paper is to investigate the curves intersected by a vertical plane with surfaces based on certain NCP functions. convexity and differentiability these are studied as well. In most cases, inflection points cannot be expressed exactly. Therefore, we instead estimate interval where convex under situation. Then, help convexity, obtain local minimum or maximum accordingly. study ver...

and particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were measured during the spring and summer of 2004 and compared to similar observations taken in 2002. Distinctive differences in hydrographic conditions were observed between these two years, allowing us to consider several factors that could impact NCP and carbon cycling in both the Chukchi Shelf and the adjacent Cana...