The present research compared the effectiveness of meaningful negation—“That’s wrong”—and simple negation—“No”—to alter automatic prejudice. Participants were trained to negate prejudiceconsistent or prejudice-inconsistent information, using either simple or meaningful negation, and completed an evaluative priming measure of racial prejudice before and after training. No significant changes in ...

Recent studies in nonmonotonic reasoning have shown that many of the best known nonmonotonic logics are based on the same two fundamental principles, i.e. minimal knowledge and negation as failure (or negation by default). In this paper we prove that it is possible to express negation as failure in terms of minimal knowledge. Specifically, we present a polynomial, non-faithful, modular embeddin...

This paper introduces a logic ILED derived from standard intuitionistic predicate logic by adding two operators Dφ for “Definitely φ” and ~φ for “Experience rejects φ”. A further negation ¬φ =def (φ→⊥) ∨ ~φ , which we call real negation, is introduced. Real negation is like intuitionistic negation when there are no D-operators but deviates when there are. We see that Dφ ↔ φ is valid but ¬Dφ → ¬...

This paper presents a thorough study of negation in SPARQL. The types of negation supported in SPARQL are identified and their main features discussed. Then, we study the expressive power of the corresponding negation operators. At this point, we identify a core SPARQL algebra which could be used instead of the W3C SPARQL algebra. Finally, we analyze the negation operators in terms of their com...

In Sequoiah-Grayson (2009a), the author gave a basic dynamic semantics the Lambek Calculi, to which a dynamic negation was added. This dynamic negation was interpreted as procedural prohibition, or process exclusion. The resulting framework suggested connections with the analysis of negation as test–failure in the Dynamic Predicate Logic (DPL) due originally to Groenendijk and Stokhof (1991), a...

Negation is a universal phenomenon in human communication. All natural languages have negation, yet it seems to be absent in animal communication systems (S Altmann, 1967). We use negation frequently for a wide range of purposes, including rejection, denial and talking about non-existence. According to the Oxford English Corpus, “not” is the 13 most frequently used word in the English language....

In this paper I explore the logical range of sentential negation types predicted by the theory of HPSG. I find that typological surveys confirm that attested simple negation strategies neatly line up with the types of lexical material given by assuming Lexical Integrity and standard Phrase Structure Grammar dependencies. I then extend the methodology to bipartite negation and derive a space of ...

We study action rule based systems with two forms of negation, namely classical negation and \negation as failure to nd a course of actions". We show by several examples that adding negation as failure to such systems increase their expressiveness, in the sense that real life problems can be represented in a natural and simple way. Then, we address the problem of providing a formal declarative ...

At least since Frege (1960) and Geach (1965), there has been some consensus about the relation between negation, the speech act of denial, and the attitude of rejection: a denial, the consensus has had it, is the assertion of a negation, and a rejection is a belief in a negation. Recently, though, there have been notable deviations from this orthodox view. Rejectivists have maintained that nega...