Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) secondary to in-utero opioid exposure is an increasing problem. Variability in assessment and treatment of NAS has been attributed to the lack of high-quality evidence to guide management of exposed neonates. This systematic review examines available evidence for NAS assessment tools, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic management of opioid-expos...

Significant variability has been observed in the development and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) among neonates exposed to prenatal opioids. Since maternal opioid dose does not appear to correlate directly with neonatal outcome, maternal, placental, and fetal genomic variants may play important roles in NAS. Previous studies in small cohorts have demonstrated associations of vari...

OBJECTIVE To develop a simplified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (sFNAS) that will highly correlate with scores ≥8 and ≥12 in infants being assessed with the FNAS. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This is a retrospective analysis involving 367 patients admitted to two level IV neonatal intensive care units with a total of 40 294 observations. Inclusion criteria included neonates ...

This study was designed to compare the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in neonates of methadone and buprenorphine maintained pregnant opioid-dependent women and to provide preliminary safety and efficacy data for a larger multi-center trial. This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, flexible dosing, parallel-group controlled trial was conducted in a comprehensive drug-treatment facility t...

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methadone versus buprenorphine treatment in pregnant opioid-dependent women. DESIGN Randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, flexible-dosing comparison study. SETTING Addiction Clinic at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen women were assigned randomly to receive either methadone (n = 9) or buprenorphine (n = 9) during...

AIMS This paper reviews the published literature regarding outcomes following maternal treatment with buprenorphine in five areas: maternal efficacy, fetal effects, neonatal effects, effects on breast milk and longer-term developmental effects. METHODS Within each outcome area, findings are summarized first for the three randomized clinical trials and then for the 44 non-randomized studies (i...

OBJECTIVE Detoxification followed by abstinence has shown little success in reducing illicit opioid use. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) helps individuals with an opioid use disorder abstain from or decrease use of illegal or nonmedical opiates. This review examined evidence for MMT's effectiveness. METHODS Authors reviewed meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and individual studies of MM...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between maternal methadone dose and the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women treated with methadone for opiate addiction who delivered live-born neonates between 1996 and 2006. Four dose groups, on the basis of total daily methadone dose, were compared (<or=80 mg/d, 81-1...

Background: The Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) has been treated so far by various drugs, such as opioids and non-opioids. There is some concern about NAS babies who receive chemical drug treatment. Some researchers mentioned that shorter pharmacological treatment and less lengthy hospitalization are associated with severa...