Although unrelated friends are genetically equivalent to strangers, several lines of reasoning suggest that close friendship may sometimes activate processes more relevant to kinship and that this may be especially true for women. We compared responses to strangers, friends, and kin in two studies designed to address distinct domains for which kinship is known to have functional significance: i...

Genetic Similarity Theory extends Anthony D. Smith’s theory of ethno-symbolism by anchoring ethnic nepotism in the evolutionary psychology of altruism. Altruism toward kin and similar others evolved in order to help replicate shared genes. Since ethnic groups are repositories of shared genes, xenophobia is the ‘dark side’ of human altruism. A review of the literature demonstrates the pull of ge...

Morality and religion have evolutionary and cultural roots in the social behavior of our ancestors . Fundamental precursors and major features of morality and religion appear to have changed gradually in concert with social transitions in our history. These correlated changes involve trends toward increased breadth and complexity of social interaction, leading to a stepwise extension of the sco...

Kin recognition and nepotism betwecn honcybee workers (Api.s metliferu L.) was analysed in a trophallactic bio-assay. Donor workers were fed dyed sugar syrup and introduced into a recipient group consisting of 1 2 to 1 5 workers of the same colony. After allowing for t hour of trophallaxii, the distribution of the dyed food was analysed with spectrophotometry. The subfamily composition in the r...

Using the kin altruism framework (Hamilton, 1964), this paper models descendant family firms. Kin altruism makes relatives soft monitors, leading to a “policing problem” within family firms. This policing problem results in both increased managerial diversion and increased monitoring expense at fixed compensation levels. When incentive constraints determine compensation, increasing kinship alwa...

This paper views corruption as activity that tends to undermine a cultural system. Because cultures operate in very different ways, different activities are corrupting in different parts of the world. The paper analyzes real-life situations in Japan, Taiwan, India, China, North America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Korea to distinguish actions that structurally undermine a cultural ...

Family background-kinship-can propagate careers. The evidence for academic nepotism is littered with complex associations and disputed causal inferences. Surname clustering, albeit with very careful consideration of surnames' flows across regions and time periods, can be used to reflect family ties. We examined surname patterns in the health science literature, by country, across five decades. ...

In every election performance in Indonesia since the beginning of Indonesian independence until current era, it has always been nodai with dirty violation practices. One example is practice money politics which a shadow for face democracy. Islam sees concept as same risywah or bribery broad sense. Where both give rise to tyranny other groups. There are so many impacts this practice, one most do...

This study explores the challenges and benefits of adopting electronic procurement (e-procurement) technologies to facilitate anti-corruption mechanisms, accountability transparency in pharmaceuticals at National Pharmaceutical (NatPharm) Company Zimbabwe. corruption is a serious threat attainment Universal Health Coverage. It imperative for Government Zimbabwe adopt Information Communication T...