INTRODUCTION To improve our understanding of sex differences in the clinical characteristics of Parkinson's Disease, we sought to examine differences in the clinical features and disease severity of men and women with early treated Parkinson's Disease (PD) enrolled in a large-scale clinical trial. METHODS Analysis was performed of baseline data from the National Institutes of Health Explorato...

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Previously, great reduction in spine number has been reported in schizophrenia patients. Mutations in numerous genes that encode synaptic proteins are known as genetic risk factors. In addition, antipsychotic drugs change the number of spines, suggesting that disturbance in spine homeostasis is deeply involved i...

OBJECTIVE To provide pilot data for the safety and efficacy of EGb 761 in the oldest-old patients (aged 80 or older). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective analysis, we compared treatment outcomes with EGb 761 or donepezil over 12 months in 189 patients aged 80 years or older suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS Over 12 months, there was no significant difference in cognitive...

BACKGROUND Head trauma is associated with multiple destructive cognitive symptoms and cognitive failure. Cognitive failures include problems with memory, attention and operation. Cognitive failures are considered as a process associated with metacognition. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare cognitive failures and metacognitive beliefs in mild Traumatic Brain Injured (TBI) patients and nor...

BACKGROUND Attentional abnormalities may lie at the core of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia, but it is unclear how they relate to symptoms. The major aim of our study was to understand the relation between spatial attention and clinical symptoms from acute to chronic state. METHODS Thirty-six acutely psychotic schizophrenia patients and 42 matched control subjects were assessed on three s...

BACKGROUND ME/CFS is characterized by debilitating fatigue in addition to other physical and cognitive symptoms. It is estimated to affect over 800,000 adults in the U.S. ME/CFS often results in diminished functionality and increased economic impact. The economic impact of an illness is generally divided into two categories: direct and indirect costs. Despite high prevalence rates and the disab...

The Dual Vulnerability Model of seasonal depression posits that seasonal vegetative symptoms are due to a physiological vulnerability, but cognitive and mood symptoms are the result of negative appraisal of vegetative changes. In addition, rumination may be associated with stronger negative attitudes toward vegetative symptoms. This is the first study to examine implicit attitudes toward vegeta...

While cerebral lateralization has previously been well documented for many neurobehavioral functions, recent research has shown that as people age, formerly lateralized processes recruit more symmetric patterns of neural activity. Such findings provide the foundation for the model of hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults, or "HAROLD"[4]. Previous studies that have measured reaction ti...

AIM This paper reports on of the effects of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Programme on psychosocial attributes, self-care behaviour and quality of life among congestive heart failure patients who experienced slight to marked limitation of physical activity. BACKGROUND Most self-management programmes for congestive heart failure patients emphasize the medical aspects of this chronic cond...

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve moderated the association between depressive symptoms and cognition, as well as brain volumes in a sample of older adults. METHODS Non-demented participants (n = 3484) were selected from the Washington Heights/Hamilton Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (Northern Manhattan). A subsample of these participants without...