Targeted temperature management (TTM) shows the most promising neuroprotective therapy against hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In addition, TTM is also useful for treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). HIE and elevated ICP are common catastrophic conditions in patients admitted in Neurologic intensive care unit (ICU). The most common cause of HIE is cardiac arrest. Randomized...

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a devastating neurologic condition that occurs after rapid correction of serum sodium in patients with hyponatremia. Pathologic features of this injury include a well-demarcated region of myelin loss, a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and infiltration of microglia. The semisynthetic tetracycline minocycline is protective in some animal models of central n...

Encephalitis is a devastating illness that commonly causes neurologic disability and has a case fatality rate >5% in the United States. An etiologic agent is identified in <50% of cases, making diagnosis challenging. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Encephalitis Project established syndromic surveillance for encephalitis in New York, California, a...

BACKGROUND This article describes transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans by solid organ transplantation. METHODS We reviewed medical records and performed molecular genotyping of isolates to determine potential for donor transmission of Cryptococcus. RESULTS Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 3 recipients of organs from a common donor with an undifferentiated neurologic condition at the time ...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by an infectious protein called prion and is characterized by spongiform changes, neuronal loss, reactive astrocytic proliferation and accumulation of pathologic cellular protein, occurring in 3 general forms: sporadic or spontaneous, genetic or familial, and acquired form including a variant form of CJD. Clinical...

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by waxing and waning muscular rigidity, stiffness and spasms. Three subtypes have been described: paraneoplastic, autoimmune and idiopathic. Rhabdomyolysis has been described in the paraneoplastic variant, but to our knowledge no case has been reported involving the autoimmune variant. We report a case report of a 50-year-o...

N. Montano, MD C.G. Nucci, MD F. Doglietto, MD A. Cianfoni, MD C. Lucantoni, MD P. De Bonis, MD G. Tamburrini, MD M. Visocchi, MD A 54-year-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, who had received a renal transplant 10 years previously, came to our attention for acute low back pain, associated with fecal and urinary incontinence. General examination was unremarkable. Neurol...

The frequent association between central nervous system symptoms and infective endocarditis (IE) has been recognized for more than a century since it was first described by Sir William Osier. However, important changes in the natural history of infectious endocarditis have occurred in recent decades. The introduction of antimicrobial agents, the increase of age of onset, and a change in frequen...

The frequent association between central nervous system symptoms and infective endocarditis (IE) has been recognized for more than a century since it was first described by Sir William Osier. However, important changes in the natural history of infectious endocarditis have occurred in recent decades. The introduction of antimicrobial agents, the increase of age of onset, and a change in frequen...

BACKGROUND Neonates with bacteremia are at risk of neurologic complications. Relevant information warrants further elucidation. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of neonates with bacteremia-related neurologic complications (BNCs) in a tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A systemic chart review was performed conducted to identify clinical characteristics and ou...