Quantitative light absorption data of the neutral free flavosemiquinone are reported. It is shown that the visible range of the spectrum of the radical is drastically dependent on the solvent. The spectra of the neutral blue flavosemiquinone are compared with those of the blue flavoprotein radicals and conclusions are drawn concerning the environment of the protein-bound flavosemiquinone. The s...

A clinical trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of neutral red photodynamic inactivation treatment of genital herpes infections with that of a non-photoactive dye, phenol red, as a control. In a series of nineteen patients with virologically proven herpes genitalis who were adequately followed, eleven were treated with neutral red, and eight with phenol red; no difference in response to...

Bacterial nitroreductases have generated much interest recently due to their central roles in both nitroaromatic bioremediation and nitroaromatic toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (NR) has been subcloned into the pET overexpression system and purified to homogeneity via a four-step procedure resulting in a final yield of 65.7 mg per liter. Overexpr...

as a measure of gastric function, and various standardized tests have been devised. Owing, however, to the wide range of acid secretion in normal people, to the inconstant results obtained by repeating a test on many individuals, to the frequent occurrence of results well within the normal range in patients suffering from gastritis, gastric carcinoma, or peptic ulcer, and to the fact that from ...

The effects of sublethal amounts of the cationic dye, neutral red, upon the structure of pancreatic exocrine cells, and upon the mitochondria of renal distal tubule cells, have been studied with the electron microscope. It was found that neutral red is a cytoplasmic toxin which causes reproducible and characteristic changes in the ergastoplasm, the zymogen granules, the mitochondria, and possib...

In earlier studies of the mouse pancreas (1), it was found microscopically in saline preparations of living tissue that, within 30 min after the injection of an optimum dose of neutral red, small dye granules appeared in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells. With time, the granules became larger, reached a peak development at about 7 hr, then gradually diminished in size and number until, at about...

We report on the spectroscopy and photodynamic characterization of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites within solids with respect to the behavior of Nile Red (NR) upon interaction with single- and multi-metal(X)-doped MCM41 materials (X = Ti and/or Al) in dichloromethane (DCM) suspensions. The steady-state results show that the H-bonding ability of doped MCM41-based materials leads to different NR po...

The classical Einstein–Maxwell field equations admit static horizonless wormhole solutions with only a circular cosmic string singularity. We show how to extend these static solutions to exact rotating asymptotically flat solutions. For a suitable range of parameter values, these solutions describe charged or neutral rotating closed cosmic strings, with a perimeter of the order of their Schwarz...