cross-linked polymeric organogels have attracted much attention in recent years. most synthesized organogels are based on low molecular weight or denderitic materials. the study focuses on the preparation of an alcohol absorbent organogel based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (amps) through cross-linking polymerization. polyethylene glycol diacrylate-400 and ammonium persulphate ...

It is generally assumed that amino acid mutations in the surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), of influenza viruses allow these viruses to circumvent neutralization by antibodies induced during infection. However, empirical data on circulating influenza viruses show that certain amino acid changes to HA actually increase the efficiency of neutralization of the mutated virus by antibodies raised ...

Biologically functional clade C envelope (Env) glycoproteins from the chronically (donor) and newly (recipient) infected partners of four heterosexual transmission pairs in Zambia were cloned and characterized previously. In each case, the donor viral quasispecies contained Envs that were resistant to autologous neutralization by contemporaneous plasma, while the recipient Envs were sensitive t...

One of the most significant challenges facing the biomimetic synthesis of materials is achieving the requisite level of dimensional and spatial control. Typical reaction conditions for biomimetic silica synthesis allow for continued growth and ripening leading to the formation of larger nanospheres on the order of 200-600 nm in diameter. Herein, we have used polyamidoamine and polypropylenimine...

A serological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in water buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) in Ahvaz, which is the center of the Khouzestan province in Iran. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from 310 slaughtered buffaloes at the abattoir. Sera were tested via the serum neutralization test. Serum neutralization was performed ...

Eco-industrial processes require high reliability control and supervision methodologies, so as to achieve the best compromise possible between the process’ efficiency, safety and economy. Industries often focus on the two first objectives mainly, since they are unwilling to “experiment” not yet validated and/or complex control methodologies if safety and/or efficiency of the process may be jeop...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we present current advances in our understanding of HIV-1 neutralization assays that employ primary cell types, as compared with those that utilize cell lines and the newer, more standardized pseudovirus assays. A commentary on the challenges of standardizing in-vitro neutralization assays using primary cells is included. RECENT FINDINGS The data from reporter...

Most strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which have only been carried in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (primary isolates) can be neutralized by antibodies, but their sensitivity to neutralization varies considerably. To study the parameters that contribute to the differential neutralization sensitivity of primary HIV-1 isolates, we developed a neutralization ass...

The hydrometallurgical treatment of waste printed circuit boards for the recovery precious metals generates acidic wastewater containing nitrate, chloride and residual base metals. scope this work is study a biological process concurrent metal sequestering, nitrate reduction neutralization. A pilot-scale packed-bed biofilm reactor was set up, inoculated with strain H. denitrificans experimental...

We investigated the relative importance of binding site occupancy and epitope specificity in antibody neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1). The neutralization of a T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1 isolate (MN) was analyzed with a number of monovalent recombinant Fab fragments (Fabs) and monoclonal antibodies with a range of specificities covering all confirmed gp120-spec...