Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was first identified in 1982 by the Australian physicians Barry Marshall and Robin Warren. is also known as Campylobacter pylori. It a gram-negative, micro-aerophilic, spiral (helical) bacterium usually found stomach. H. infection one of most common chronic bacterial infection, affecting approximately half world's population. Peptic ulcer disease, gastric ulcers,...

The development of newer antifungal drugs is creating new potential combination therapies to combat the dismal mortality rate associated with invasive aspergillosis (IA). The efficacy of combination therapy for IA has not been established; sparse data on combination or sequential antifungal therapy depict interactions ranging from synergy to antagonism. We reviewed data from all published in vi...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori eradication rates in Portugal are declining, due to increased resistance of this bacterium to antimicrobial agents, especially Clarithromycin. Quadruple Levofloxacin-containing regimens could be an option for first-line treatment, but its efficacy should be evaluated as fluoroquinolone resistance is rapidly increasing. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of Clarit...

BACKGROUND Once the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori is confirmed, treatment requires at least two antibiotics and an acid inhibitor for a minimum of seven days. Unfortunately, treatment failures are being frequently reported. Treatment regimens that include sequential administration of antibiotics with acid inhibitors have been developed to try and increase the rate of eradication. OBJECTIVE...

In this paper, we present novel development of domestic central heating control panel from conventional wall-mounted device to ambient media. We perform cycles of designs and evaluations in order to refine the understanding of the new media. Based on that we investigate potential methodologies to develop conventional devices into ambient media and, explore types of massages which may be provide...

Nucleos(t)ide analogues rarely result in a durable off-treatment response in chronic hepatitis B infection, whereas pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) induces a long-lasting response only in a subset of patients. We assessed the effect of sequential combination therapy with Peg-IFN-α2a and entecavir in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with prior long-term entecavir therapy and invest...

we analyze a sequential decision making process, in which at each stepthe decision is made in two stages. in the rst stage a partially optimalaction is chosen, which allows the decision maker to learn how to improveit under the new environment. we show how inertia (cost of changing)may lead the process to converge to a routine where no further changesare made. we illustrate our scheme with som...

We analyze a sequential decision making process, in which at each stepthe decision is made in two stages. In the rst stage a partially optimalaction is chosen, which allows the decision maker to learn how to improveit under the new environment. We show how inertia (cost of changing)may lead the process to converge to a routine where no further changesare made. We illustrate our scheme with some...

By now we have all heard of the dangerous rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While many search to identify new antibiotics and define their mechanisms, others wonder if there are better ways to use the antibiotics already available and approved for use in humans. This is doubly important given the rate at which bacteria adapt, as they will likely develop resistance to new antibiotics. Techn...