Six species of phytoplankton recently isolated from upper San Francisco Bay were tested for their sensitivity to growth inhibition by ammonium (NH4+ ), and for differences in growth rates according to inorganic nitrogen (N) growth source. The quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) was a sensitive indicator of NH4+ toxicity, manifested by a suppression of Fv /Fm in a dose-dependent manner. Tw...

NH4 nutrition provokes mild toxicity by enhancing H2O2 accumulation, which acts as a signal activating systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Until now, induced resistance mechanisms in response to an abiotic stimulus and related to SAA were only reported for exposure to a subsequent abiotic stress. Herein, the first evidence is provided that this acclimation to an abiotic stimulus induces resist...

A study to assess the various gases emitted by motorcycles in a metropolitan State, Uyo, in Nigeria was carried out. Two hundred commercial motorcycles the mostly available means of transport were used for the study drawn from seven motorcycle parks. The gases examined were nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. The overall collection result...

Neural activity is accompanied by a transient mismatch between local glucose and oxygen metabolism, a phenomenon of physiological and pathophysiological importance termed aerobic glycolysis. Previous studies have proposed glutamate and K(+) as the neuronal signals that trigger aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes. Here we used a panel of genetically encoded FRET sensors in vitro and in vivo to inve...

Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255 is a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium that can grow solely on nitrite (NO2(-)) as a source of energy and nitrogen. In most natural situations, NO2(-) oxidation is coupled closely to ammonium (NH4(+)) oxidation by bacteria and archaea and, conceptually, N. winogradskyi can save energy using NH4(+) to meet its N-biosynthetic requirements. Interestingly, NH4(+) delayed t...

In order to achieve an appropriate effluent ratio of ammonium and nitrite as influent the anaerobic oxidation process, optimum conditions for partial nitritation in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were investigated using real reject water. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) alkalinity (HCO3-)/NH4+-N major factors that greatly influenced nitritation. As result operation, conversion efficien...

The major source of nitrogen for rice (Oryza sativa L.) is ammonium (NH4(+)). The NH4(+) uptake of roots is mainly governed by membrane transporters, with OsAMT1;1 being a prominent member of the OsAMT1 gene family that is known to be involved in NH4(+) transport in rice plants. However, little is known about its involvement in NH4(+) uptake in rice roots and subsequent effects on NH4(+) assimi...

Agricultural systems that receive high or low organic matter (OM) inputs would be expected to differ in soil nitrogen (N) transformation rates and fates of ammonium (NH4 þ) and nitrate (NO3 ). To compare NH4 þ availability, competition between nitrifiers and heterotrophic microorganisms for NH4 þ, and microbial NO3 2 assimilation in an organic vs. a conventional irrigated cropping system in the...

The effect of free ammonia (NH3 or FA), free nitrous acid (HNO2 or FNA), and total alkalinity (TA) on the performance of a partial nitrification (PN) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating anaerobically pretreated pig slurry was studied. The SBR was operated under alternating oxic/anoxic (O/A) conditions and was fed during anoxic phases. This strategy allowed using organic matter to partially ...

The fate of ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4-N) was studied in a lab-scale downflow reed bed system treating an artificial landfill leachate. Individual reed beds were submerged by the leachate, then drained and rinsed by tap water. It was discovered that NH4-N was removed by a two-staged process, adsorption onto the reed bed media followed by nitrification into nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) and nitrate-nit...