UNLABELLED BACKGROUND A new method is developed to quantify molar equivalents of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters of derivatives of monomethoxyl poly-(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) in their preparations with NHS acetate ester as the reference. RESULTS NHS ester of succinic monoester or carbonate of mPEG of 5,000 Da was synthesized and reacted with excessive ethanolamine in dimethylformamide at ...

A.L. MANSON, N. CHAPMAN, Y. WEDATILAKE, M. BALIC, H. MARWAY, S.L. SENEVIRATNE and P. HOLLOWAY From the Department of Clinical Immunology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1PG, Department of Chemical Pathology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Hea...

E. Charles-Edwards, V. Morgan, A. Attygalle, S. Giles, T. E. Ind, M. Davis, J. Shepherd, N. McWhinney, and N. deSouza CRUK & EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Histopathology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Gynaecology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Sur...

1 Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE 4 Department of Neurosciences, North Bristol N...

The National Schedule of Reference Costs were first introduced in England in 1997 (White Paper The New NHS, 1997), with the aim of finding new ways of measuring performance and efficiency of the ‘new’ NHS. The requirement set in the White Paper was for “NHS [Hospital] Trusts to publish and benchmark their own costs on the same basis, [thus giving] Health Authorities, Primary Care Groups2 and th...

Patient choice is not new to the National Health Service (NHS). The nationalisation of hospitals at the founding of the NHS made it possible for a patient to go to any NHS hospital with a referral from a general practitioner (GP). In practice, however, GPs made these decisions on behalf of their patients and, for the majority of the 60-odd years since the inception of the NHS, patient flows to ...

Part of the problem with the NHS is that health care is so important to the general public that politicians have no choice but to intervene. From Margaret Thatcher’s “the NHS is safe in our hands” to Tony Blair’s “one day to save the NHS”, politicians from all major political parties recognise that the NHS is an acid test of their performance in government. In many ways, of course, political in...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the impact of NHS Direct on the use of accident and emergency, ambulance, and general practitioner cooperative services. DESIGN Observational study of trends in use of NHS Direct and other immediate care services over 24 months spanning introduction of NHS Direct. SETTING Three areas in England in first wave of introduction of NHS Direct, and six nearby general practi...

A fundamental shift in performance often needs a radical change in the way an organisation is managed.Today’s NHS faces significant challenges, not least the need to maximise the use of the available resources and to demonstrate sound financial management. Recent developments such as payment by results and the introduction of a national tariff have only added to the pressure.To exacerbate this,...