Inflammation in asthma, sepsis, transplant rejection, and many neurodegenerative diseases associates an up-regulation of NO synthesis with increased protein nitration at tyrosine. Nitration can cause protein dysfunction and is implicated in pathogenesis, but few proteins that appear nitrated in vivo have been identified. To understand how this modification impacts physiology and disease, we use...

objective(s):higher cellular reactive oxygen species (ros) levels is important in reducing cellular energy charge (ec) by increasing the levels of key metabolic protein, and nitrosative modifications, and have been shown to damage the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice. however, the relation between energy production and heart function is unclear. materials and methods:streptozotocin (stz, 150 mg/...

Repressor protein modified with N-ethylmaleimide has been used to determine the exclusive effects of tyrosine nitration by tetranitromethane. Since modification of proteins with tetranitromethane generally results in both cysteine oxidation and tyrosine nitration, N-ethylmaleimide has been used to protect the cysteines in the repressor against oxidation in subsequent tetranitromethane reactions...

BACKGROUND Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic oxidant formed from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. Tyrosine nitration, a footprint of peroxynitrite, has been demonstrated in the pancreatic islets as well as in the cardiovascular system of diabetic subjects. Delineation of the pathogenetic role of peroxynitrite in disease conditions requires the use of potent, in vivo active peroxynitrite decompositi...

Portal hypertensive (PHT) gastric mucosa increases susceptibility to injury and delayed mucosal healing. It is possible that nitration of ERK by peroxynitrite might alter MAPK (ERK) signaling in PHT gastric mucosa, leading to delayed mucosal healing, since excessive nitric oxide production is implicated in PHT gastric mucosa and MAPK (ERK) signaling induces cell proliferation and leads to gastr...

Biodiesel production from vegetable oil will produce glycerol as by-product about 10% of the biodiesel production. The amount of glycerol that was produced needed alternative way to handling immediately so as to not become the waste that polluted environment. One of the solutions was to process glycerol to polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN). PGN is synthesized from glycerol by three-step reactions i.e....

OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (AngII) disrupts the regulation of the cerebral circulation through superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a nox2-containing NADPH oxidase. We tested the hypothesis that AngII-derived superoxide reacts with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite, which, in turn, contributes to the vascular dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Cerebral blood flow (CBF) w...

The ability of peroxynitrite to modify amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase (GS) and BSA is greatly influenced by pH and CO2. At physiological concentrations of CO2 (1.3 mM), the generation of carbonyl groups (0.2-0.4 equivalents/subunit) is little affected by pH over the range of 7.2-9.0, but, in the absence of CO2, carbonyl formation increases (from 0.1- 1.2 equivalents/subunit) as the...

Nitroolefins are usually synthesized using the Henry reaction. Here we report an alternative metal-free decarboxylative nitration protocol for the preparation of the nitroolefins from α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids using t-butylnitrite (t-BuONO) and TEMPO. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acids bearing β-aromatic and β-heteroaromatic substituents gave (E)-nitroolefins exclusively under mild conditi...

An oxidative and acid-free method for the nitration of N-aryl sulfonamides has been developed using a combination of sodium nitrite as cheap and easy to handle NO2-source and the hypervalent iodine reagent PIFA as stoichiometric oxidant. Under very mild reaction conditions, the desired mononitrated aryl sulfonamides were isolated in up to 87% yield. This is the first example of an iodane-mediat...