Though building an AMESim physical model of vehicle three-way catalytic converter (TWC), this article aims to study the light-off characteristics of TWC. By solving the energy and mass conservation equations of gas-solid two phase of the model, this article obtains the emissions conversion rate, such as CO, unburned hydrocarbons (CaHb) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) under different parameters. The r...

The reported range for global production of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) by lightning remains large (e.g., 32 to 664mol NOx flash ), despite incorporating results from over 30 individual laboratory, theoretical, and field studies since the 1970s. Airborne and ground-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment in May and June 2012 provide a new data set for calcul...

............................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... II LIST OF PAPERS................................................................................................. III BACKGROUND.........................................................

China has experienced very rapid economic development in recent yearsUrban air has very high concentrations of various pollutants, including sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3) and particulate. This paper reviews the changes in air quality in the cities like Guangzhou over the past 15 years, and notes that a serious vehicular-related emissions problem has been superimpos...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx: NO, NO2) are a concern due to their adverse health effects. Diesel engine transport sector is the major emitter of NOx. The regulations have been strengthened and to comply with them, one of the two methods commonly used is the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR), NH3 being supplied by the in-situ hydrolysis of urea. Efficiency and durability of the catal...

Our activities affect the environment and. the environment affects our health. As the number of humans on earth increases, our agricultural and industrial activities have a greater impact on the environment, particularly on the atmosphere. As our most precious resource, the atmosphere has been polluted, so it is imperative to take measures to control air pollution. It becomes necessary to know ...

The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from an existing burner is a a challenging task requiring the understanding of interactions between burner geometry and flame aerodynamics. Currently, three approaches for NOx control exist: fuel or flue gas treatment and combustion modifications. Low NOx burner design is economically attractive for natural gas and light fuel oil combustion since...

The rapid urbanization in Delhi has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles with the increase in population and urban mobilization. The vehicular traffic is now recognized as one of the main sources of air pollution in Delhi and has noticeable impact on air quality. The emission of criteria pollutants namely Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Particulate Ma...

Long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere are used in combination with a continental scale air quality model in order to verify and improve available estimates of multi-annual changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1996 and 2005. As a result, a measurement-based data set of NOx emissions on a 1 by 1 grid and avera...

Advances in vehicle design and fuel quality mean cars can be made cleaner and more efficient. Lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particles (including the fine dust and soot PM10) and hydrocarbons (HCs) also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will lead to better urban air quality and less summertime smog. Lower emissions of carbon dioxi...