Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a syndrome associated with certain disease states as well as exposure to drugs, viruses, and toxins. It manifests as diffuse bleeding of the endothelial lining of the bladder. Treatment includes intravesical, systemic, and nonpharmacologic therapies, all of which have advantages and disadvantages.

Diastolic dysfunction, which is increasingly viewed as being influential in precipitating heart failure and determining prognosis, is often unrecognized and has therapeutic implications distinct from those that occur with systolic dysfunction. In this review, several therapeutic modalities including pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and surgical approaches for primary diastolic dysfunction and h...

Infants and children are typically undertreated for pain. Many treatment options are available to prevent and diminish the pain experienced by children during venipuncture. Infusion nurses must employ pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options to make the experience more positive for the child, the family, and the nurse. These treatment options are explored in this article.

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia with significant sequela. The goals of treating atrial fibrillation are rate control, prevention of thromboembolism, and maintenance of sinus rhythm. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation is reviewed, as well as strategies and recommendations for achieving therapeutic goals. The authors also review investigational therapeu...

Integrative therapies comprise a variety of nonpharmacologic methods that provide pain and symptom management. These therapies are increasingly gaining acceptance in the healthcare community as complementary to traditional treatments for pain. This article details the introduction, scope, and challenges healthcare organizations face when incorporating integrative therapies into their care plans.

Introduction .......................................................... 3 Epidemiology ....................................................... 3 Diagnosis and Classification of Partial-Onset Seizures .................................... 4 Current Pharmacologic Management Strategies for Partial-Onset Seizures in Adolescence .................................................... 8 Role of Nonpharma...

Description The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on noninvasive treatment of low back pain. Methods Using the ACP grading system, the committee based these recommendations on a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials and systematic reviews published through April 2015 on noninvasive pharmacolo...

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a major management problem for clinicians. It has been shown that weight gain and obesity lead to increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life and poor drug compliance. This narrative review discusses the propensity of various antipsychotics to cause weight gain, the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interven...