To resolve conflicts among norms, various nonmonotonic formalisms can be used to perform prioritized normative reasoning. Meanwhile, formal argumentation provides a way to represent nonmonotonic logics. In this paper, we propose a representation of prioritized normative reasoning by argumentation. Using hierarchical abstract normative systems, we define three kinds of prioritized normative reas...

We extend the logical model of agency known as the KGP model, to support agents with normative concepts, based on the roles an agent plays and the obligations and prohibitions that result from playing these roles. The proposed framework illustrates how the resulting normative concepts, including the roles, can evolve dynamically during the lifetime of the agent. Furthermore, we illustrate how t...

We propose a critique of normativism, defined as the idea that human thinking reflects a normative system against which it should be measured and judged. We analyze the methodological problems associated with normativism, proposing that it invites the controversial "is-ought" inference, much contested in the philosophical literature. This problem is triggered when there are competing normative ...

nowadays, right to environment, during constitutions, court decisions and administrative procedures, in internal public law have been identified and secured. the recognition of this right in public law is dependent on normative evolutions. with the promotion of the tight to environment in constitutional norms, we can speak about the real impact of the constitutionalization in contemporary publi...

We propose and demonstrate a methodology for building tractable normative intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). A normative ITS uses a Bayesian network for long-term student modelling and decision theory to select the next tutorial action. Because normative theories are a general framework for rational behaviour, they can be used to both define and apply learning theories in a rational, and ther...

We present two defeasible logics of norm-propositions (statements about norms) that (i) consistently allow for the possibility of normative gaps and normative conflicts, and (ii) map each premise set to a sufficiently rich consequence set. In order to meet (i), we define the logic LNP, a conflictand gap-tolerant logic of norm-propositions capable of formalizing both normative conflicts and norm...

The paper discusses some recent developments in analysis of decision making under risk and uncertainty. First we present the expected utility theory and the basic assumptions of rationality. Second we discuss the critique that has been directed towards the expected utility theory. Next we present the alternative theories: regret theory, prospect theory and theory of stochastic preference. Final...

The ability to make choices is regarded as essential to human action to modern life individually, collectively and in the corporate context. A central theme in present-day organization theory is the endeavor to understand decision-making by individuals, groups and organizations. It is seen as a representative activity in organizations (Hodgkinson & Starbuck, 2008). The study of decision-making ...

Interpersonal theories of self-esteem that tie self-esteem to perceptions of one s acceptability to other people suggest that self-evaluations should predict global self-esteem to the degree to which an individual believes that a particular attribute is important for social approval. In the present study, participants completed a measure of global self-esteem, rated themselves in five domains, ...

Cognitive dissonance or cognitive consistency theory, as we understand it, does not presume irrational behavior although it is inconsistent with normative rationality. Previous discussions have overlooked that cognitive dissonance implied dynamic uncertainty. Once this dimension of choice is restored, it becomes obvious why normative rationality does not properly describe fully rational behavio...